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Loeki Enggar Fitri,1,2 Teguh Wahju Sardjono,1,2 Nuning Winaris,1,2 Aulia Rahmi Pawestri,1,2 Agustina Tri Endharti,1 Eviana Norahmawati,3 Dian Handayani,4 Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan,5 Syafiatul Azizah,6 Lustyafa Inassani Alifia,6,7 Rokhmatul Asiyah,6,8 Tita Rachma Ayuningtyas6 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 2AIDS, Toxoplasma, Opportunistic Disease, and Malaria (ATOM) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 3Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 4Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 5Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 6Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; 7Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia; 8State University of Malang, Malang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Teguh Wahju Sardjono, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia, Tel +62 341 569117, Fax +62 341 564755, Email teguhws@ub.ac.idPurpose: During Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) infection, infected erythrocytes are sequestered in gut tissues through microvascular circulation, leading to dysbiosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) administration on the parasitemia level, gut microbiota composition, expression of cluster of differentiation 103 (CD103) in intestinal dendritic and T regulatory cells (T reg), plasma interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels in P. berghei infected mice.Methods: P. berghei was inoculated intraperitoneally. Infected mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with either L. casei, B. longum, or