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Xu-Fu Yuan,1 Yu-Qin Ji,2 Teng-Xiao Zhang,3 Hong-Bin Xiang,4 Zhuo-Yan Ye,5 Qiang Ye3 1School of Sports Training, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Sport and Human Science, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK; 5Nanjing Foreign Language School Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qiang Ye, School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, No. 8 Linggusi Road, Xuanwu, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-19962033966, Fax +86-84755161, Email yeqiang@nsi.edu.cnBackground/Objective: In the post-epidemic era, an increasing number of individuals were accustomed to learning sports and physical activity knowledge online for fitness and health demands. However, most previous studies have examined the influence of e-learning materials and resources on learners and have neglected intrinsic factors such as experience and physiological characteristics. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the effect of exercise habits and gender on sports e-learning behavior via eye-tracking technology.Methods: We recruited a sample of 60 undergraduate students (mean age = 19.6) from a university in Nanjing, China. They were randomly assigned into 4 groups based on 2 genders × 2 exercise habits. Their gaze behavior was collected by an eye-tracking device during the experiment. The cognitive Load Test and Learning Effect Test were conducted at the end of the individual experiment.Results: (1) Compared to the non-exercise habit group, the exercise habit group had a higher fixation count (P< 0.05), a shorter average fixation duration (P< 0.05), a smaller average pupil diameter (P< 0.05), and a lower subjective cognitive load (P< 0.05) and better learning outcome (P< 0.05). (2) Male participants showed a greater tendency to process information from the video area of interest (AOIs), and had lower subjective cognitive load (P < 0.05) and better learning outcomes (P < 0.05). (3) There was no interaction effect between exercise habits and gender for any of the indicators (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Our results indicate that exercise habits effectively enhance sports e-learning outcomes and reduce cognitive load. The exercise habits group showed significant improvements in fixation counts, average fixation duration, and average pupil diameter. Furthermore, male subjects exhibited superior learning outcomes, experienced lower cognitive load, and demonstrated greater attentiveness to dynamic visual information. These conclusions are expected to improve sports e-learning success and address educational inequality.Keywords: e-learning, exercise habit, eye-tracking, gaze behavior, gender

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the artificial tear drop administration time on the regularity of the corneal surface in patients with dry eye., Methods: Patients with cataract who were admitted to the hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) based on their grade of noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and the concentration of the eye drops used. Groups A and C were classified as NIBUT grade 1 (NIBUTf of 6-9 s and NIBUTav of 8-13 s), and groups B and D were classified as NIBUT grade 2 (NIBUTf of <5 s and NIBUTav of ≤7 s). Groups A and B received 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, and groups C and D received 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops., Results: In group A, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the surface regularity index (SRI) and the surface asymmetry index (SAI) measured 1 s after eye drop administration. In group B, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the SRI and the SAI measured 1 s and 5 and 10 min after eye drop administration. In group C, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the astigmatism degree, SRI, SAI, and irregular astigmatism index (IAI) measured 1 s after eye drop administration. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in potential visual acuity (PVA). In group D, there was a significant increase in the IAI and Q value (parameters of aspheric characteristics of cornea, corneal Q value) measured 1 s after eye drop administration as well as a significant decrease in PVA (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The use of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops in patients with dry eye aid the temporary recovery of corneal surface regularity and the stability of tear film. The 0.1% sodium hyaluronate had a significant effect for the first 10 min after treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2021 Chen et al.)