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Purpose: The heterogeneity of clinical features in COPD at stable state has been associated with airway microbiota. Blood eosinophil count (BEC) represents a biomarker for a pejorative evolution of COPD, including exacerbations and accelerated FEV 1 decline. We aimed to analyse the associations between BEC and airway microbiota in COPD at stable state., Patients and Methods: Adult COPD patients at stable state (RINNOPARI cohort) were included and characterised for clinical, functional, biological and morphological features. BEC at inclusion defined 2 groups of patients with low BEC <300/mm 3 and high BEC ≥300/mm 3 . Sputa were collected and an extended microbiological culture was performed for the identification of viable airway microbiota., Results: Fifty-nine subjects were included. When compared with the low BEC (n=40, 67.8%), the high BEC group (n=19, 32.2%) had more frequent exacerbations (p<0.001) and more pronounced cough and sputum (p<0.05). The global composition, the number of bacteria per sample and the α-diversity of the microbiota did not differ between groups, as well as the predominant phyla (Firmicutes), or the gender repartition., Conclusion: In our study, high BEC in COPD at stable state was associated with a clinical phenotype including frequent exacerbation, but no distinct profile of viable airway microbiota compared with low BEC., Competing Interests: J.M. Perotin reports lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca, and support for attending meetings from AstraZeneca and Chiesi; outside the submitted work. C. Launois reports support for attending meeting from Chiesi; outside the submitted work. V. Dormoy reports lecture honoraria from Chiesi and AstraZeneca; outside the submitted work. G. Deslée reports lecture honoraria from Chiesi, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline; outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Perotin et al.)