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Filippos Vingopoulos,1,2 Megan Kasetty,1 Itika Garg,1,2 Rebecca F Silverman,1 Raviv Katz,1,2 Ryan A Vasan,3 Alice C Lorch,3 Zhonghui K Luo,3 John B Miller1,2 1Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 2Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 3Comprehensive Ophthalmology and Cataract Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence: John B Miller, Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA, Tel +1 617 573-3750, Fax +1 617 573-3698, Email john_miller@meei.harvard.eduBackground: To characterize contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in cataractous and pseudophakic eyes compared to healthy control eyes using a novel quantitative CSF test with active learning algorithms.Methods: This is a prospective observational study at an academic medical center. CSF was measured in eyes with visually significant cataract, at least 2+ nuclear sclerosis (NS) and visual acuity (VA) ≥ 20/50, in pseudophakic eyes and in healthy controls with no more than 1+ NS and no visual complaints, using the Manifold Contrast Vision Meter. Outcomes included Area under the Log CSF (AULCSF) and CS thresholds at 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd). A subgroup analysis as performed on cataract eyes with VA ≥ 20/25.Results: A total of 167 eyes were included, 58 eyes in the cataract group, 77 controls, and 32 pseudophakic eyes with respective median AULCSF of 1.053 (0.352) vs 1.228 (0.318) vs 1.256 (0.360). In our multivariate regression model, cataract was associated with significantly reduced AULCSF (P= 0.04, β= − 0.11) and contrast threshold at 6 cpd (P= 0.01, β= − 0.16) compared to controls. Contrast threshold at 6 cpd was significantly reduced even in the subgroup of cataractous eyes with VA ≥ 20/25 (P=0.02, β=− 0.16).Conclusion: The novel qCSF test detected disproportionate significant contrast deficits at 6 cpd in cataract eyes; this remained significant even in the cataractous eyes with VA ≥ 20/25. CSF testing may enhance cataract evaluation and surgical decision-making, particularly in patients with subjective visual complaints despite good VA.Keywords: cataract, contrast sensitivity function, Contrast sensitivity, qCSF method

Bradley A Colarusso,1 Shannon M Bligdon,2 Allen Y Ganjei,3 Alan Kwok,4 Daniel Brocks,4 Zhonghui K Luo1 1Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; 2Ajax Eye Care, Ajax, ON, Canada; 3Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4BostonSight, Needham, MA, USACorrespondence: Zhonghui K Luo, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 800 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA, Tel +1-617-936-6092, Fax +1-617-936-6186, Email Zhonghui_luo@meei.harvard.eduPurpose: To understand the degree and explore the possible causes of ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) underdiagnosis in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Patients and Methods: A 15-question survey was emailed to 6032 subscribers to the Blood and Marrow Transplant Information Network. A total of 371 respondents confirmed the history of allo-HSCT, of which 335 were symptomatic. Their self-reported symptoms, onset, treatments tried, degree of symptom control and established diagnoses of systemic chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and oGVHD were analyzed.Results: Among the 335 symptomatic survey respondents, 306 reported their ocular symptom onset was after allo-HSCT, with only 170 [55.6% (170/306)] ever receiving a diagnosis of oGVHD; 23 reported worsening pre-existing ocular symptoms after allo-HSCT, with only 5 [21.7% (5/23)] ever receiving a diagnosis of oGVHD; 6 reported stable symptoms before and after allo-HSCT, with 1 ever receiving a diagnosis of oGVHD. Of the 176 respondents carrying the diagnosis of oGVHD, 167 [94.9% (167/176)] also had the diagnosis of cGVHD. Logistic regression analysis showed that the diagnosis of oGVHD was highly correlated with the number of symptoms and treatments one reported. Furthermore, 35% of the respondents with new onset ocular symptoms reported onset within the first 6 months after allo-HSCT (previously reported), as well as 39% of the respondents with worsened existing symptoms.Conclusion: oGVHD underdiagnosis is likely associated with the previous diagnostic criteria, in which cGVHD of another organ system was required. The correct notion that oGVHD commonly causes severe dry eye disease has likely led to its underdiagnosis in patients with fewer number of symptoms and/or who tried fewer treatments.Keywords: oGVHD, cGVHD, dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Shannon M Bligdon,1 Bradley A Colarusso,2 Allen Y Ganjei,3 Alan Kwok,4 Zhonghui Katie Luo,2 Daniel Brocks4 1Ajax Eye Care, Ajax, ON, Canada; 2Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; 3Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4BostonSight, Needham, MA, USACorrespondence: Alan KwokBostonSight, 464 Hillside Ave, Unit 205, Needham, MA, 02494, USATel +1 781 726 7337Fax +1 781 726 7310Email akwok@bostonsight.orgPurpose: To evaluate the utilization of scleral lenses and prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem devices (SL/PDs) in the management of ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD).Patients and Methods: A survey of 15 questions was sent via email to 6032 subjects registered with the Blood and Marrow Transplant Information Network. The survey reviewed transplant history, graft-versus-host disease history, as well as oGVHD symptoms and onset. Additional questions surveyed treatments used for oGVHD, as well as the degree of ocular symptom control and experience with SL/PDs. A total of 306 respondents met the eligibility requirements to be part of the analyzed cohort.Results: The mean number of symptoms reported from the analyzed cohort was 4.79 ± 2.44, median (IQR) of 5.0 (3.0 to 7.0), with the most common symptom being gritty, dry eyes (87%). The mean number of treatments utilized across the analyzed cohort was 3.21 ± 2.55, median (IQR) of 2.5 (1.0 to 5.0), with the most common treatment being artificial tears (86%). Wearing scleral lenses resulted in a mean of 5.42 ± 1.86, median (IQR) of 6.0 (4.0 to 7.0) symptoms improving, with improved dryness/grittiness of the eyes (94%), improved eye pain (92%) and improved quality of life (89%) being the most commonly improved symptoms. Fifty-six percent of those wearing scleral lenses wished the lenses had been recommended sooner. The most common reason patients cited for not wearing scleral lenses was that they had never heard of them (63%).Conclusion: SL/PDs help to control the symptoms of oGVHD. With their use, clinicians are able to improve the quality of life of this patient population. Despite the known benefits, SL/PDs still remain underutilized in oGVHD care. A majority of current SL/PD wearers wish that they had been recommended sooner as a treatment option. SL/PDs should be considered a component of comprehensive oGVHD management.Keywords: GVHD, oGVHD, dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, QOL, HSCT, allo-HSCT