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Dadan Ramdani,1 Cecep Eli Kosasih,2 Etika Emaliyawati2 1Postgraduate Program of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Etika Emaliyawati, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Email etika@unpad.ac.idBackground: The incidence of mass casualty incidents and severe emergencies such as cerebrovascular and motor vehicle accidents in Indonesia is increasing, leading to an increased burden on emergency services. The current literature on response times and associated factors in Indonesian emergency departments (EDs) is extensive yet lacks comprehensive national and regional analysis.Objective: This study aimed to synthesize existing research on emergency nurse response times in Indonesian hospital settings and identify the factors influencing these times.Methods: This study was guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework. This study systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL/Cochrane, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2019 and 2024. The included studies focused on empirical measurements of response times, defined as the time from patient arrival to initial treatment, with a particular interest in examining variations across different hospital levels and regions within Indonesia. A thematic analysis was conducted in this study.Results: The review included data from 1628 nurses across 13 provinces, highlighting significant variability in response times. Tertiary hospitals generally show faster response times than secondary hospitals. Key factors influencing response times included the demographic aspects of the nursing staff, work environment conditions, and the level of nurse training and education. Specific barriers such as inadequate infrastructure and cultural differences in healthcare-seeking behaviors also play a role.Conclusion: There is a critical need for targeted improvements in hospital infrastructure and staff training programs to enhance response times across all hospital levels in Indonesia. Future policies should focus on equipping secondary healthcare services to efficiently meet emergency care demands.Keywords: emergency department, emergency care, emergency nurse, healthcare infrastructure, intrahospital, nursing education, response time

Regina Indah Kumalasari,1 Cecep Eli Kosasih,2 Ayu Prawesti Priambodo2 1Master Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Cecep Eli Kosasih, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Ir, Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +6281320941727, Fax +6202287793411, Email cecep.e.kosasih@unpad.ac.idBackground: Delayed extubation (DE) after cardiac surgery is associated with high morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay in the intensive care unit, and hospital costs. Various studies have identified factors that influence the occurrence of DE in patients after cardiac surgery, but no review has systematically synthesized the results.Purpose: This review aimed to identify the influencing factors and the leading causes of DE in patients after cardiac surgery.Methods: This scoping review uses the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). Literature was searched through four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and CINAHL, and two search engines, Sage and Google Scholar, accessed on October 20, 2024. The articles analyzed met the inclusion criteria, such as full-text articles in English, published from 2014– 2024, with case-control, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cohort study designs and had good quality as assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data was synthesized using thematic analysis.Results: Eight articles with a total of 13801 participants were included in this review. The prevalence of DE after cardiac surgery ranged from 13.6% to 91.9%. The factors affecting DE were categorized into preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. The factors most commonly reported to influence ED include preoperative factors (age ≥ 60 and EF < 50%), intraoperative factors (duration of surgery ≥ 7 hours, use of IABP and sedatives), and postoperative factors (BNP≥ 806 pg/mL). The leading causes of DE after cardiac surgery are hemodynamic instability requiring increased inotropes (33.51%), reduced level of consciousness or drowsiness (31.91%), and postoperative bleeding (20.74%).Conclusion: The process of extubation is a crucial phase in postoperative care. By comprehending the elements that impact DE, healthcare providers can effectively allocate medical resources to enhance the success of weaning, extubation, and recovery following cardiac surgery. Consequently, further research focusing on DE is essential, particularly in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery.Keywords: cardiac surgery, delayed extubation, mechanical ventilation

Firman Sugiharto,1 Irma Yusanti,1 Wulan Puspita Sari,1 Erin Yuliandani,1 Cecep Eli Kosasih,2 Yanny Trisyani,2 Ayu Prawesti Priambodo,2 Aan Nuraeni,2 Anastasia Anna,2 Etika Emaliyawati,2 Ristina Mirwanti2 1Master Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Cecep Eli Kosasih, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, Tel +6281320941727, Fax +622287793411, Email cecep.e.kosasih@unpad.ac.idBackground: Patients still frequently report complications after cardiac catheterization procedures, such as hematoma and pain. These complications increase the length of stay and hospital costs. Several studies have determined cold compress therapy’s effectiveness in preventing hematomas and reducing pain in patients after cardiac catheterization. However, to date, no review study has synthesized this comprehensively.Purpose: This review aimed to explores the potential of cold compress therapy as a strategy for preventing hematoma and alleviating pain in post-cardiac catheterization patients.Methods: Systematic review was reported based on the PRISMA Extension. A literature search used relevant keywords from six primary databases, such as CINAH Medline Plus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and one search engine, Google Scholar. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist and Risk of Bias. Data synthesis was used thematically with an explorative, descriptive approach.Results: This review found and analyzed twelve articles. Based on the results of the analysis, cold compress therapy for 15 to 20 minutes can potentially prevent hematomas and reduce pain in patients after cardiac catheterization.Conclusion: This review concludes that cold compress therapy can potentially prevent hematomas and reduce pain in this population. Health workers, especially nurses, can consider cold compress therapy as a strategy in the nursing care program for patients after cardiac catheterization.Keywords: cardiac catheterization, cold compress, coronary heart disease, hematoma, pain