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Purpose: To analyze and compare metabolic, lifestyle and mental health parameters in relatives and people-with-T2DM (PDM) with and without support., Patients and Methods: We included 160 patients with <5 years of diagnosis of T2DM, without disabling complications, and non-smokers, attending a multidisciplinary program for diabetes control, and their accompanying relatives. If the patients or relatives abandoned the program, we contacted them and asked to take laboratory tests and answer surveys regarding anxiety, depression, and perception of their family support. Variables distribution was assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We used ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis Tests, according to variable distribution. Frequencies and percentages are used for categorical values and analyzed with a chi-square test. We separated the participants in four groups: relatives with and without support and PDM with and without support., Results: We included 160 participants, age 51±10, and 54.3% women. Total cholesterol (188±36 vs 204±43 vs 170±34 vs 181±35 mg/dL, p =0.001), LDL-cholesterol (113±35 vs 125±27 vs 101 ±30 vs 109±29, p =0.008), and non-HDL cholesterol (143±32 vs 154 ±30 vs 129±33 vs 135±35 mg/dL, p =0.010) were higher in the group without support. Although patients without family support had lower values, they did not achieve metabolic goals. Weight (75±17 vs 77±19 vs 74.2±10.5 vs 90.2±17.3 kg) and body mass index (28.9±4.8 vs 30.1±4.7 vs 27.4±3.3 vs 33±4.3 kg/m 2 ) were higher in PDM without family support ( p <0.001 for both)., Conclusion: Support in PDM and their families is important in metabolic control. However, raising awareness among family members to screen for diabetes and changes in lifestyle are points to improve. Including the evaluation of social and family support will allow a more complete assessment to identify barriers to achieving goals., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and publication of this article., (© 2024 García-Ulloa et al.)

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors associated with diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with a recent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis., Patients and Methods: We conducted a case-control study at a third-level hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled patients ≥18 years old, with T2DM less than five years of diagnosis, without disabling complications, and non-smokers. The control group was patients with diabetic retinopathy and without macular edema (DR-DME). Cases were patients with DR+DME. We measured fasting glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and HbA1c. An ophthalmological examination consisted of visual acuity measurement, digital three-field fundus photography with an automatic non-mydriatic camera, slit lamp, and Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination., Results: 183 and 61 patients with DR-DME and DR+DME, respectively, were included in the analysis. The prevalence of mild DR was higher in the DR-DME group, but the frequencies of moderate and severe retinopathy were higher in the DR+DME group. Patients in the DR-DME group had better vision than those in the DR+DME group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR, 1.07), HbA1c (OR, 1.19), and Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g (OR, 3.37) were associated with an increased possibility of DME compared to DR-DME., Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the association between risk factors and DME. We found a statistically strong association between HbA1c levels, age, and ACR. Patients with poor metabolic control should undergo an extensive medical examination to screen for DME, which may be related to the chronicity of DM and renal damage., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 García-Ulloa et al.)

Introduction: Anxiety disorders (AXD) are among the most prevalent mental health conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous data have established an association of other psychiatric conditions with poor metabolic control and increased odds of diabetes-related complications. Nonetheless, follow-up information about the effects of AXD on the metabolic control of patients with TD2 is still limited., Objective: Evaluate the effects of AXD on the metabolic parameters of patients with T2D over 12 months of follow-up in a multidisciplinary comprehensive care model., Methods: Prospective study of T2D subjects enrolled in a comprehensive care program with follow-up at 3 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We registered clinical and metabolic characteristics from each visit. Metabolic parameters over time were analyzed with a mixed model of repeated measures using AXD and time as interaction variables., Results: Our sample included 2703 patients at baseline, and 1161 (43%) subjects continued the follow-up at 12 months. The AXD group had more females, lower age, and fewer years of formal education compared with subjects without AXD at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Patients with AXD also reported higher mean fasting glucose at three months, and higher HbA1c at three and 12 months. Our MMRM for HbA1c reported significant differences over time in subjects with and without AXD. The differences in means between groups increased from 0.17% at three months to 0.31% at 12 months. The variables from the HADS anxiety score, sex, age, years of diagnosis, and insulin treatment were also associated with HbA1c parameters over time., Conclusion: Patients with AXD had the worst glycemic control at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. HbA1c differences in patients with AXD compared with non-AXD subjects increases over time in association with anxiety symptoms., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2023 Rodríguez-Ramírez et al.)

Purpose: To describe the metabolic status and clinical characteristics associated with NPPD in patients with less than five years of T2D diagnosis and explore the role of age in the presentation of psychiatric comorbidities., Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of subjects who attended a comprehensive care program. Patients were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and clinical and metabolic characteristics were registered. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk and protective factors for psychiatric disorders. We performed an analysis to further explore age's influence on our results., Results: We included 1953 patients, and 40.1% had any psychiatric disorder. Younger age, female sex, and personal psychiatric history were associated with NPPD. The use of insulin was reported as a protective factor for eating disorders. Body mass index was associated with any psychiatric disorders and eating disorders. The analysis of age reported that patients younger than 45 years had the worst metabolic parameters and increased odds for NPPD, while patients older than 65 years had the best metabolic measures and decreased odds for psychiatric comorbidity., Conclusion: NPPD were frequent comorbidities in our sample; younger age, female sex, and personal psychiatric history were the most important factors associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Younger subjects experience a higher risk for psychiatric disorders and worst metabolic control., Competing Interests: The CAIPaDi program has received grants from Astra Zeneca, Fundación Conde de Valenciana, Novartis, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (“Proyectos de Desarrollo Científico para Atender Problemas Nacionales 2013 project 214718”), Nutrición Médica y Tecnología, NovoNordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Eli Lilly, Merck Serono, MSD, Silanes, Chinoin and Carlos Slim Health Institute. There are no other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (© 2022 Alcántara-Garcés et al.)