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Gezy Giwangkancana,1 Ezra Oktaliansah,1 Andi Ade W Ramlan,2 Arie Utariani,3 Putu Kurniyanta,4 Hasanul Arifin,5 Yunita Widyastuti,6 Astrid Pratiwi,7 Rusmin Syukur8 1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo Provincial Referral and Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; 4Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana/ Prof Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Bali, Indonesia; 5Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara/Dr. Adam Malik National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Medan, Indonesia; 6Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gajah Mada/Dr. Sardjito National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 7Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Harapan Kita Mother and Child Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 8Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hassanudin/ Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo National Referal and Teaching Hospital, Makassar, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Gezy Giwangkancana, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin National Referral and Teaching Hospital, RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, Pasteur Street No. 38, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia, Tel +628122005952, Email Gezy.weita@unpad.ac.idBackground: The first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 created massive challenges in providing safe surgery for pediatric patients with COVID-19. Inevitably, emergency surgery and the unknown nature of the disease place a burden on the heavily challenged surgical services for pediatrics in a developing country. Lessons from the pandemic are important for future disaster planning.Aim: To describe the characteristics of pediatric surgical patients with COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery during the first wave and its perioperative narrative in a developing country.Methods: The study was a multicenter retrospective descriptive study in eight Indonesian government-owned referral and teaching hospitals. The authors reviewed confirmed COVID-19 pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) who underwent surgery. Institutional review board clearances were acquired, and data were evaluated in proportion and percentages. The writing of this paper follows the STROBE guidelines.Results: About 7791 pediatric surgical cases were collected, 73 matched the study criteria and 24 confirmed cases were found. Cases were more common in females (58.3%), who were above 12 years old (37.5%) and who were asymptomatic (62.5%). Laparotomy (33.3%), general anesthesia (90.4%) and intubation (80.8%) were common, while use of video laryngoscopy (40%) and rapid sequence intubation (28.8%) were rare. The mean length of stay was 12 ± 13.3 days, and in-hospital mortality was 8.3%.Discussions: Lockdown and school closure were successful in protecting children, hence the low incidence of pediatric surgical cases with COVID-19 during the first wave. Many hospitals were unprepared to perform surgery for a droplet or airborne infectious disease, and COVID-19 testing was not available nationally in the early pandemic, hence the use of protective protection equipment during these early pandemic times are often not efficient.Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric surgical patients is low. The rapidity and availability of preoperative testing for a new emerging disease are essential in a pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, emergency surgery, operating room, pandemic, pediatric anesthesia, pediatric surgery, perioperative

Hidayat Arifin,1,2 Kuei-Ru Chou,2 Kusman Ibrahim,1 Siti Ulfah Rifa’atul Fitri,1 Rifky Octavia Pradipta,3 Yohanes Andy Rias,4 Nikson Sitorus,5 Bayu Satria Wiratama,6 Agus Setiawan,7 Setyowati Setyowati,8 Heri Kuswanto,9 Devi Mediarti,10 Rosnani Rosnani,10 Rumentalia Sulistini,10 Tuti Pahria1 1Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 3Department of Fundamental Nursing Care, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 4Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Kediri, Indonesia; 5Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 7Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; 8Department of Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; 9Department of Statistics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia; 10Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palembang, Palembang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Hidayat Arifin, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM. 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 811 3194 433, Email hidayat.arifin@unpad.ac.idPurpose: Indonesia is facing an increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) every year. We assessed the modifiable, non-modifiable, and physiological risk factors of NCDs among the Indonesian population.Methods: Secondary data was analyzed from the 2018 Indonesian basic health research (RISKESDAS). The national survey included participants aged 15– 54 years and obtained 514,351 responses. Linear systematic two-stage sampling was conducted by RISKESDAS. Furthermore, chi-square and binary logistic regression were utilized to explore the determinant of NCDs with a significance level of 95%.Results: We found that almost 10% respondents in Indonesia had NCDs. We observed that depression has a higher odd (aOR: 2.343; 95% CI: 2.235– 2.456) contributed to NCDs and followed other factors such as no education (aOR: 1.049; 95% CI: 1.007– 1.092), passive smoking (aOR: 0.910; 95% CI: 0.878– 0.942), fatty food (aOR: 1.050; 95% CI: 1.029– 1.073), burnt food (aOR: 1.033; 95% CI: 1.005– 1.062), food with preservatives (aOR: 1.038; 95% CI: 1.002– 1.075), seasoned food (aOR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.030– 1.084), soft drinks (aOR: 1.112; 95% CI: 1.057– 1.169), living in an urban area (aOR: 1.143; 95% CI: 1.119– 1.168), living in central Indonesia (1.243; 95% CI: 1.187– 1.302), being female (aOR: 1.235; 95% CI: 1.177– 1.25), and obese (aOR: 1.787; 95% CI: 1.686– 1.893). Conversely, people in Indonesia who undertook vigorous activity (aOR: 0.892; 95% CI: 0.864– 0.921), had employment (aOR: 0.814; 95% CI: 0.796– 0.834), had access to improved sources of drinking water (aOR: 0.910; 95% CI: 0.878– 0.942), and were aged 35– 44 years (aOR: 0.457; 95% CI: 0.446– 0.467) were less likely to develop NCDs.Conclusion: Modifiable, non-modifiable, and physiological risk factors have a significant influence on NCDs in Indonesia. This finding can be valuable information for Indonesian Government to arrange a cross-collaboration between government, healthcare workers, and society through advocacy, partnership, health promotion, early detection, and management of NCDs.Keywords: non-communicable diseases, NCDs, Indonesia, RISKESDAS

Etika Emaliyawati,1,2 Kusman Ibrahim,3 Yanny Trisyani,1 Ristina Mirwanti,1 Fitri Muthiara Ilhami,4 Hidayat Arifin3 1Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Under-Graduate Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Etika EmaliyawatiDepartment of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 45363, IndonesiaTel +62 817-222-086Fax +62 22 7795596Email etika@unpad.ac.idPurpose: Because Indonesia has a high risk of natural disasters, nurse preparedness is necessary to reduce and prevent deaths in the aftermath of such disasters. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with nurse preparedness in disaster management among a sample of community health nurses in coastal areas.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken from May to August 2020. The sample consisted of 142 nurses who worked at six Public Health Centers in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Participants were recruited using the total sampling technique. The data were collected using the Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression.Results: Of the 142 respondents, 54.24% had a high level of preparedness. Multivariate analysis showed that nurses with higher levels of preparedness had worked between 6 and 10 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 12.755, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.653– 61.314). Respondents who lacked disaster training were less likely to have a high level of disaster preparedness (AOR: 4.631, 95% CI: 1.604– 13.367). Respondents who had never served as disaster volunteers were also less likely to have disaster preparedness (AOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.053– 0.616).Conclusion: With nearly half of the respondents (45.77%) having a low level of disaster preparedness, this topic needs more attention from the government and healthcare workers. Several actions are needed to improve community nurses’ disaster preparedness: providing them with routine disaster-related training, encouraging them to serve as volunteers in various disaster conditions, and offering them useful disaster-related information.Keywords: nurses, disaster, disaster management, coastal area, preparedness