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In a recent paper by authors (Ziarati and Ucan, January 2001) a Back Propagation-Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) was adapted for predicting the required car parts quantities in a real and major auto parts supplier chain. It was argued that due to the learning ability of neural networks, their speed and capacity to handle large amount of data, they have a potential for predicting components requirements and establishing associated scheduling throughout a given supply chain system.This paper should be considered a continuation of the first paper as the neural network approach introduced in this paper replaces the BP-ANN by a new method viz., Genetic Cellular Neural Network (GCNN). The latter approach requires by far less stability parameters and hence better suited to fast changing scenarios as in real supply chain applications.The model has shown promising outcomes in learning and predicting material demand in a supply chain, with high degree of accuracy.

In this paper, Soft Systems Methodology SSM , quite a recent development in Systems Engineering, is reviewed briefly. First, a historical background on Systems Engineering that led to the emergence of this area is provided. Here, the limitations of 'Hard' Systems Engineering in dealing with ill-structured socio-economic problems are summarised, and the reasons for SSM becoming a relatively more 'successful' approach are given. The paper is concluded by a review of the SSM Methodology., Bu makalede Sistem Mühendisliği konusunda en son gelişmelerden birisi olan ‘Soft Systems Methodology SSM ’ konusu kısaca incelenmektedir. Öncelikle, SSM’ in oluşumunu hazırlayan koşullar Sistem Mühendisliğinin kısa bir tarihçesi içinde sunulmaktadır. Burada ‘‘Hard’Systems Engineering’’ yaklaşımının kolaylıkla formule edilemeyen sosyo-ekonomik problemlerin çözümündeki yetersizlikleri özet­lenmektedir. Daha sonra, sosyo-ekonomik problemlerin çözümünde SSM’ in niye daha başarılı olabileceği tartışılmakta ve SSM Metodolojisi ana hatlanyla anlatıl­maktadır

Acquisitions are assumed to create value for both the target and the acquiring firm. This paper analyzes the sources of value creation in acquisitions and examines the domestic acquisitions that took place in Turkey in 2013. By taking the overall market considerations into account, I measure the degree of value creation over different periods of time. I use the standard market value technique to calculate abnormal returns in stock prices of the acquiring firms and find that the increase in firm value is statistically significant in the long run but not in the short run., Şirket satın almalarının hem satın alan hem de satılan firmanın piyasa değerini arttırdığı varsayılır. Bu makalede, Türkiye'de 2013 yılında gerçekleşen yerli satın almalar, piyasaların genel trendini de göz önünde bulundurarak incelenmiştir. Standart Piyasa değeri tekniğini kullanarak, satın alan firmanin hisse senedi fiyatlarındaki anormal getiriler hesaplanmıştır . Satın almanin açıklandığı tarih öncesi ve sonrasının karşılaştırılması sonucunda, firma değerindeki artışın uzun vadede istatistiki olarak anlamlı olduğu, fakat kısa vadede anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur

The electromechanical overcurrent protection relays are designed to operate with sinusoidal current. The operation of protective relay with harmonic currents is not reliable. The literature on harmonics and relays covers mostly the theoretical studies. In this paper, the harmonic effects on operation of electromechanical inverse time overcurrent relay ITOCR were examined. Not common in existing studies, the behaviour of ITOCR was analysed with laboratory experiments for distorted waveforms. A type of induction disc relay was used as an electromechanical ITOCR in the experiments. The non-sinusoidal load currents that consist of different harmonic spectra were applied to ITOCR and these nonlinear-load currents were processed by a data acquisition card and a harmonic analysis programme in the computer environment. According to the experiment results, the pick up current and the operating time of the ITOCR increase proportionally to the total harmonic distortion THD value of the non-sinusoidal current. It is concluded that, this type of relay cannot protect the system reliably due to the harmonic components of current., Elektromekanik a ırı akım koruma röleleri sinüsoidal akım altında çalı mak üzere tasarlanmı tır. Bu rölelerin harmonikli akımda çalı maları güvenilir de ildir. Literatürde harmonikler ve rölelerle ilgili pek çok teorik çalı ma bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede, harmoniklerin elektromekanik ters zamanlı a ırı akım rölesinin TZAAR çalı masına etkileri incelenmi ve TZAAR’nin bozulmu dalga ekilleri için davranı ı deneysel çalı ma ile analiz edilmi tir. Deneyde, elektromekanik TZAAR olarak, indüksiyon disk yapısında bir röle kullanılmı tır. De i ik harmonik spektrumlara sahip, sinüsoidal olmayan yük akımları TZAAR’a uygulanmı ve bu yük akımları data toplama kartı ve harmonik analiz programı ile bilgisayar ortamında i lenmi tir. Deney sonuçları gözönüne alındı ında, TZAAR’ın çalı ma akımı ve çalı ma zamanının, sinüsoidal olmayan akımın toplam harmonik distorsiyonu THD ile orantılı olarak arttı ı görülmü tür. Bu yapıda olan bir rolenin, akımın harmonik içermesi durumunda sistemi güvenli bir ekilde koruyamayaca ı sonucu elde edilmiştir

This paper is an attempt to assess the performance and limitations of Biogas Combined Heat and Power CHP plants available to the water companies. This includes measuring the capacity of an average Sewage Treatment work STW for producing sludge and ultimately producing Biogas. It also investigates the amount of electricity produced and the works self-sufficiency in terms of energy utilised., Bu makale, su irketlerinde bulunan biyogaz tesislerinin verim ve kısıtlamalarını de erlendirmeye çalı maktadır. Bu da, ortalama olarak, üretilen çamur ve bunun sonunda elde edilen biyogaz üretim i lemlerinin kapasitesini ölçmekten geçmektedir. Aynı zamanda, üretilen elektri in miktarı ile yapılan i in kullanılan enerji bakımından, kendi kendine yeterliliği incelenmiştir

This paper describes the realization of a fuzzy gain scheduling scheme of a PI controller using a RISC microcontroller. Fuzzy rules and reasoning are utilised on-line to determine the PI controller parameters based on the error signal and its first difference. The Fuzzy control algorithm is implemented in the RISC microcontroller to regulate the speed of a permanent magnet DC motor (PMDC) and works on-line. The microcontroller directly tunes the motor speed with a chopper converter which changes the motor terminal voltage. Application results demonstrate that better control performance can be achieved in comparison with traditional PI controllers.

This paper aims to study money capital and banks which are one of the crucial institutions of money capital in context with social circulations of capital and the restructuring of the banks during globalization process. The framework of restructuring of banks during capitalist capital accumulation process has been explicated after expressing the relation between money capital and real capital. Consequently, in the last section, Turkish banking system in the period after 1980 has been analysed. Afterwards the number and the distribution of banks are studied with the purpose of explaining the transformation in this sector. Additionally the development of concentration trends during the same period are examined by means of general concentration rate and the effects of the crisis are put forward in this way.

Rapid improvement of information technology caused the distance learning types to variate and it enabled the internet based distance learning to be common. This paper focuses on services of libraries and information centres, which have an utmost position to meet the information needs of students in distance learning programs and on virtual library which provides the participants with the information sources conveyed onto electronic format. In addition, the article offers suggestions for information experts, who are responsible for the supply of services to the distance learning students are presented.

Application frameworks are a very promising software reuse technology. The development of application frameworks is a complex process. Many methodologies and approaches have been proposed with the purpose of minimizing the complexities. The Unified Software Development Process directly addresses the complexity challenge of today's software applications. In this paper, we explore the role of the Unified Software Development Process together with a popular CASE tool: Rational Rose, in managing the complexity of developing application frameworks., Uygulama iskelet yapıları çok umut vaadeden bir yeniden kullanım yazılım teknolojisidir. Uygulama iskelet yapılarının geliştirilmesi karmaşık bir süreci gerektirir. Bu karmaşık süreci minimize etmek amacıyla birçok yöntem ve yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Birleşik Yazılım Geliştirme Süreci bugünkü yazılım uygulamalarındaki karmaşıklık engelini direkt olarak hedefleyen bir yöntemdir. Bu yazıda uygulama iskelet yapılarındaki karmaşıklığın yönetimi konusunda Birleşik Yazılım Geliştirme Süreci'nin rolü yaygın olarak kullanılan bir CASE Bilgisayar Destekli Yazılım Mühendisliği aracı olan "Rational Rose" ile birlikte araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır.

This paper describes a Markov Random Field model for coupled range and confidence signals. Beamforming is a method used to bring a range image from backscattered echos of acoustic signals. Another information is confidence of signal which associated point by point with this range data. In the proposed algorithm, the range and confidence images are modeled as Markov Random Fields whose probability distributions are specified by a single energy function. The optimization of this model gives reconstructed range and restored confidence images and an approach to the optimization is suggested for the real-time implementation of this method.

The paper introduces a generic quality model for application in higher education environment and investigates the role that the International Standards Organisation (ISO) 9000 requirements could play in such a model. The ISO terms have been translated into education terms and priority action plans have been developed to aid implementation. The generic model and the ISO system have been complemented with a quality manual. The latter identifies a number of processes and how these processes can be implemented in theory and in practice. A university has been selected to test the applicability of the various elements of the generic and ISO models and how the two approaches could be integrated and what else needs to be considered. Special references are made to higher education institutions that have adapted an ISO 9000 based system.

In this paper, a Back Propagation-Artificial Neural Network BP-ANN has been adapted for predicting the required car parts quantities in a real and major auto parts supplier chain. The conventional approach to determine the parts requirements is the Economic Order Quantity EOQ method. The ability of neural models to learn, particularly their capability of handling large amounts of data simultaneously as well as their fast response time, are the characteristics desired for predictive and forecasting purposes. Here, the actual data obtained from a major auto parts supplier chain, involving a multi-layer system of supplying auto parts to car dealers, have been used to optimise and develop a BP-ANN model. The model has shown promising results in predicting parts orders with high degree of accuracy., ¡'in makalede. Geri yayihm h Yapay Sinir Ağ YSA.ı yapıları gerçek bir anıha parçası sağlayan bir firmaya uygulanmıştır. Klasik yaklaşım, istenen talepleri Ekonomik Sipariş M iktarı ESM ile belirlemektir. Y SÂ ’nm eğitilebilir olması ve büyük m eblağlı setleri paralel ve lu/lı çözebilmesi geleceğe dönük siparişleri tahm in etm e şansı doğurmaktadır. Burada gerçek bir firmanın akış şen imm. ana satıcı firmalarla bağıntıları YSA yaklaşım ı ile optimise edilmiş ve yeni bir YSÀ önerilmiştir. Sonuçların çok doğruya yakın bulunmuş olması, YSA m odelinin gelecek vadetmesıni sağlamaktadır

In order to obtain a desired control system performance, primarily, the parameters of the system to be controlled must be determined. However, due to the structural and non-structural uncertainties, the system model considered could show some variations within the boundaries. In this paper, taking the parameter variations on the model into account, a PI type speed controller for dc servomotors, which are commonly used in the industry, was designed to provide a specified performance under all the working conditions. During the design phase, the results obtained from Ackermann and Kausbauer boundary representation theory were used.

Orhan Pamuk’s latest novel Benim Adim Kirmzi (My Name is Red) is a historical, detective and love story concerning the 16th century Ottoman nakkas (a general term for painters, illuminators and miniaturists in Islamic art). In this novel, Pamuk intends to build up a dialogue between the 16th century Ottoman artists and the 20th century Turkish reader. The writer desires to construct a second type of dialogue, which is between the East and the West, through the novel’s postmodern metafictional form. The aim of this paper is to analyze how Pamuk introduces the art of the East by using the technique of the West. To achieve this aim, first the discussion among the nakkas on stylistic differences in Western and Eastern art will be examined, then the structure of the novel will be scrutinized.

Formal methods of software development rely on the validation of the specification of the software. Such specification is normally expressed in a formal language such as Z. However, in order to be validated the Z specification must be tested, and to achieve this it has to be transformed into a form that can be executed or animated. Prolog was one of the languages used for animation of Z specifications. This paper explains the techniques used for translating Z schemas into Prolog predicates. It also examines some of this translation shortcomings and unreliable features., Yazılım geliştirebilmenin formal metodları o yazılım tanımlamasının geçerli­liğine bağlıdır. Böyle bir tanımlama genelde 'Z' gibi bir formal dilde ifade edilir. A n­cak, geçerli olması için, 'Z' tanımlaması test edilmeli, bunu yapabilmek için de ani­m asyon yapılabilecek ve icra edilebilecek bir forma transfer edilebilmelidir. 'Z' ta­nımlamalarının animasyonları için kullanılan dillerden birisi Prolog'dur. Bu makale­de 'Z' şemalarını Prolog'a çeviren teknikler açıklanmaktadır.Aym zamanda bu tür bir çevirmenin eksikleri ve belirsizlikleri üzerinde durulacaktır