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Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Working Group updated the consensus report on the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in private hosts and special situations. Relevant literature and international guidelines are reviewed, and agreed recommendations are presented at the end of each chapter. In the report, treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, management of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, management of CHB in severe COVID-19 patients, non-transplant immunocompromised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National HIV/AIDS Congress, organized every year by the Turkey HIV/AIDS Platform, which was formed by the five physician associations operating in the field of HIV infection in Turkey, was held in Antalya on 24-27 November 2022. This congress, AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association (AIDS and STD Association), HIV/AIDS Prevention and Education Association (HAKED), HIV Infection Association (HIVEND), Turkish Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Specialist Association (EKMUD) and Turkish Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (KLİMİK) Association. In addition, the Red Ribbon Association, Positive-iz Association, and Positive Living Association, three subject associations operating in the field, contributed. This report aims to summarize the data presented by the health professionals, health authorities, and non-governmental organizations working at the forefront of the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in our country, their shares and discussions during the congress, and to determine the needs by analyzing the current situation in our country in the light of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals results in increased hepatic complications. HBV and HIV viruses are transmitted by blood and unprotected sexual intercourse. People with HIV and HBV coinfection are at increased risk for liver-related morbidity and mortality. HCV-related liver injury progresses more rapidly among people coinfected with HIV. HCV coinfection may also affect the management of HIV infection. This review aims to go over the management of HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV coinfections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by a novel coronavirus named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It became a major global health threat in a short time after being declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Viral, environmental, and host factors play a role in the course of COVID-19. The disease is more common in the elderly, men, and people with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and malignancy. While some risk scores are used to predict ICU admission and mortality, they are not specific to COVID-19. Identifying high-risk individuals and preventing their infection can reduce mortality in the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, affected all the world and has been a major cause for significant morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 represents with pulmonary manifestations, but in more than half of the cases, other organs, especially hepatic involvement, are observed. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is an important public health problem worldwide. Sustained virological response (SVR) can be achieved and HCV-related mortality and morbidity can be prevented with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), which have been used in recent years. However, if CHC is not diagnosed, it can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. Since the diagnosis and treatment of these patients require follow-up, they are among the most affected chronic diseases during the pandemic. It does not seem possible to predict when the COVID-19 outbreak will end. Diagnosis and treatment need of CHC patients should be met in special areas where protection measures are taken in health institutions. In patients who undergo DAA treatment, the follow-up should be carried out by health institutions that do not provide pandemic services, and if necessary, telemedicine should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi is the property of DOC Design & Informatics Co. Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi is the property of DOC Design & Informatics Co. Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate rotavirus and adenovirus antigens in stool samples of patients who were admitted to the hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis and to determine their distribution by sex, age and seasons. Methods: A total 6525 and 6242 stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis, that were sent to Microbiology Laboratory between January 2014 and December 2017 were examined for rotavirus and adenovirus, respectively. Rotavirus group A and adenovirus serotype 40 and 41 antigens were investigated by rapid immunochromatographic test. Results: In 438 (6.7%) of the samples rotavirus antigens and in 80 (1.3%) of them adenovirus antigens were detected. The percentages of male patients in rotavirus- and adenovirus-detected samples were 55% (n=240) and 62.5% (n=50), respectively. Rotavirus positivity was found to be highest in patients aged 13-24 months and in adenovirus patients aged 0-12 months (p<0.05). Rotavirus antigen positivity was observed to be the highest in spring and winter while adenovirus antigen positivity was observed to be the highest in summer and autumn (p<0.001). Conclusions: According to this study, viral gastroenteritis agents were observed more frequently in 0-2 year-old children. Especially in spring, the disease was found to be more common. We are of the opinion that detection of viral agents in patients with acute gastroenteritis will provide both early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment and prevent unnecessary use of empirical antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in various consequences ranging from asymptomatic state to progressive liver disease, chronic hepatitis, hepatic failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently available nucleo(s)tide analogue (NA) drugs approved in the treatment, suppress viral replication. Since NAs have little effect on HBV cccDNA synthesis in infected hepatocytes, they do not provide complete cure of HBV infection, and the optimal endpoint of NA therapy, i.e. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, is rarely achieved. Some of the current HBV management guidelines have begun to consider treatment cessation in selected populations of patients. Concerns regarding treatment cessation include virological and clinical relapse and also the possibility of fibrosis or cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, liver failure and death. On the other hand, there are some potential concerns about lifelong NA treatment, like side effects on kidneys and bone, increase in the incidence of some chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, economic burden to the countries, and possible effects on newborn infants of pregnant women treated with the NAs. So, some unanswered questions remain, namely "in which patients could treatment cessation strategy be effective?" and "what is the optimal time point to perform it?". The outcome of chronic hepatitis B depends on the equilibrium between HBV and the host's immune system. In this review, potential immunological and several viral biomarkers for safe NA discontinuation and areas of uncertainty in deciding the best timing to stop NA treatment in chronic hepatitis B is discussed by summarizing the recommendations on actual guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi is the property of DOC Design & Informatics Co. Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi is the property of DOC Design & Informatics Co. Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klimik Journal / Klimik Dergisi is the property of DOC Design & Informatics Co. Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)