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Pericardial cysts are rare benign congenital mediastinal lesions. It accounts 30% of all mediastinal cysts. They are usually asemptomatic. They can produce the compression of the mediastinal structures typically caused the symptoms of dyspnea, thoracic pain, tachicardia and cough due to the unusual large size of the cyst. It can performed symptoms of lung atelectasia. The case was a sixty-five years old woman followed with a diagnosis of COPD for seven years. The patient was admitted to our center with the diagnosis of elevation of the right hemidiaphragm on chest radiography. The computed tomography revealed a cystic lesion adjacent to the right hemidiaphragm and cyst excision was performed via right thoracotomy. Patient%u2019s postoperative clinical findings indicated that the symptoms of COPD regressed completely and the patient did not require any further bronchodilator therapy. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate that the pericardial cysts can be missed in chest radiographs and impression of cysts may cause COPD like symptoms in these patients.