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Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate facial profile changes promoted by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement graft to reduce excessive gingival display due to hyperactivity of the elevator muscles of the upper lip during smiling. Methods: Eleven patients (all females, age range: 20 to 43 years) presenting gingival smile that were treated with PMMA cement grafts in a private clinic were selected for this retrospective study. Three angular and ten linear cephalometric facial profile measurements were performed preoperatively (baseline, T1) and at least 6 months postoperatively (T2). Differences between T1 and T2 were verified by Wilcoxon test, and the correlation between the thickness of the graft and facial profile changes was statistically evaluated by Spearman's Coefficient test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The nasolabial angle (p = 0.03) and the labial component of the nasolabial angle showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.04), with higher values in T2. No correlations were found between the graft thickness and the statistically significant facial profile changes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The PMMA bone cement graft projected the upper lip forward, thereby increasing the nasolabial angle without affecting the nasal component. No correlations between the graft thickness and the facial profile changes were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess dentoskeletal symmetry in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of Brazilian individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion. Material: A total of 47 patients (22 females and 25 males) aged between 11 and 16 years old (14 years) seen in a private radiology service (CIRO, Goiânia, GO, Brazil) were assessed. All CBCT scans were obtained from January, 2009 to December, 2010. Cephalometric measurements were taken by multiplanar reconstruction (axial, coronal and sagittal) using Vista Dent3DPro 2.0 (Dentsply GAC, New York, USA). Minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation values were arranged in tables, and Student t-test was used to determine statistical significance (P < 0.05). Results: Data were homogeneous, and differences between the right and left sides were not significant. Conclusions: Cephalometric measurements of Brazilian individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion can be used to establish facial symmetry and three-dimensional standard references which might be useful for orthodontic and surgical planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment at 52-288 months using periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Radiographic images obtained from 58 patients, before (T1) and after orthodontic treatment (T2), and following 52-288 months of treatment were analyzed by three members of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics. Apical structures were evaluated by PR images (T2 and T3), using Levander and Malmgren scores. The presence of ARR on CBCT images were detected only at T. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical analyses, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Kappa statistics determined interobserver agreement. Results: The more frequent ARR were with scores 1 in T2 (51.6%) and T3 (53.1%), when evaluated by PR (p > 0.05). When compared the frequencies of ARR in T3 among PR and CBCT images, the differences were significant for maxillary and mandibular pre-molar groups, and for mandibular molar group (p > 0.05). The teeth with highest frequency of ARR presence using CBCT images were maxillary lateral incisors (94.5%) and mandibular central incisors (87.7%), while the premolars showed the lowest frequency. The CBCT images showed that the teeth involved in orthodontic treatment with extraction present higher ARR frequency (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PR showed more frequency of ARR in posterior teeth groups when compared with CBCT images. ARR did not change in long-term post treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the curved root canal segments length on the number of cycles needed to induce fatigue fracture of a rotatory nickel-titanium (NiTi) instrument. Methods: The instruments used in this study were Mtwo with 0.35 mm D0 diameter, 0.02 mm/mm taper and 25 mm length. The instruments were used in two artificial metallic root canals with curved segments under 300 rpm speed. The curvatures were located in the root canals extremities and had different curved segments lengths. The device used in the rotating bending test of the selected endodontic instruments was described previously by Lopes et al. Results: The number of cycles needed to cause fatigue fracture was influenced by the artificial root canal curved segments length. Conclusion: The number of cycles needed to induce fatigue fracture on the instruments used at rotating bending in artificial root canals of same radius sizes decreased with the curved segments length increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was introduced in the 90's and studies have improved its use in dentistry. Objective: The aim of this article was to investigate the influence of three-dimensional (3D) images in orthodontic treatment planning. Methods: Two clinical situations (bone dehiscence and cervical resorption) were described by 3D images. Results: The orthodontic treatment plan was redirected to a simplified mechanics and control of the lesions during orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: 3D images are able to increase diagnostic accuracy and redirect orthodontic treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging provides an excellent representation of the temporomandibular joint bone tissues. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate morphological changes of the mandibular condyle from childhood to adulthood using CBCT. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 36 condyles of 18 subjects from 3 to 20 years of age. Condyles were scanned with the i-CAT Cone-Beam 3D imaging system and linear dimensions were measured with a specific i-CAT software function for temporomandibular joint, which permitted slices perpendicular to the condylar head, with individual correction in function of angular differences for each condyle. The greatest distances in lateral and frontal sections were considered on both left and right mandibular condyles. Results: The linear dimension of the mandibular condyle on the lateral section varied little with growth and seemed to be established early, while the dimension of the frontal section increased. Small asymmetries between left and right condyles were common but without statistical significance for both lateral (P=0.815) and frontal (P=0.374) dimensions. Conclusions: The condyles were symmetric in size and only the frontal dimension enlarged during growth. These preliminary data suggest that CBCT is a useful tool to measure and evaluate the condylar dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the linear measurements of human permanent dentition development stages using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Methods: This study was based on databases of private radiology clinics involving 18 patients (13 male and 5 female, with age ranging from 3 to 20 years). Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were acquired with i-CAT system and measured with a specific function of the i-CAT software. Two hundred and thirty-eight teeth were analyzed in different development stages in the coronal and sagittal planes. The method was based on delimitation and measurement of the distance between anatomical landmarks corresponding to the development of the dental crowns and roots. These measurements allowed the development of a quantitative model to evaluate the initial and final development stages for all dental groups. Results and Conclusions: The measurements acquired from different dental groups are in agreement with estimates of investigations previously published. CBCT images of different development stages may contribute to diagnosis, planning and outcome of treatment in various dental specialties. The dimensions of dental crowns and roots may have important clinical and research applications, constituting a noninvasive technique which contributes to in vivo studies. However, further studies are recommended to minimize methodological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the indirect digitization method of cephalometric radiographs in comparison with the direct digital method. Methods: The sample was composed of ten cephalometric radiographs acquired by Orthopantomograph OP100/Orthocef OC100 (GE -- Instrumentarium), digital direct. In the Adobe™ Photoshop program, five cephalometric landmarks were set in the images and the impression in transparencies was made. The indirect digitization of the images was performed through the Sony™ DSC-W5 and Canon™ Rebel XT/EOS 350D digital photographic cameras--fixed in a copy stand, at the distances of 25 cm and 60 cm--and through the Hewlett Packard™ Scan Jet 4C scanner. The direct digital images and the indirect ones were inserted and gauged in the Radiocef Studio (Radiomemory™, Brazil) software and the center of the previously marked landmarks was set. The cephalometric computerized analysis generated three angular measurements and four linear ones which were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: The images from the scanner demonstrated small statistically significant alterations, without clinical significance. When digitizing the radiographs at 60 cm, both cameras caused distortions which were statistically significant, but clinically acceptable. At 25 cm, the cameras caused the largest distortions, being more expressive and with clinical significance in the images of Canon™ Rebel XT. Conclusions: The Hewlett Packard™ Scan Jet 4C scanner with transparency reader and the Sony™ DSC-W5 and Canon™ Rebel XT/EOS cameras operating at 60 cm were shown appropriate for the digitization of cephalometric radiographs. In 25 cm, the digital cameras caused distortions in the image which altered the linear measurements with possibilities of jeopardizing the orthodontic diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the importance of systematic literature reviews to analyze clinical impact factors and select accurate and appropriate articles.

The author discusses the current status of young endodontists in the U.S. who share with dental professionals the imminent and common issues of well-sedimented science, development of new abilities and clinical practice issues. It notes that the field endodontics attracts a considerable number of professionals due to its biological and scientific nature. The author also suggests that endodontics requires planning as it involves the ongoing quest for excellence in endodontic science.

The author stresses the importance of endodontics professionals to dentistry. Topics discussed include the association of endodontics with other specialties such as cosmetic dentistry, periodontology and orthodontics and the importance of scientific-based endodontic knowledge for the application of new technology.

The editor discusses the challenges to dentists in performing dental operational and surgical procedures including control of microbiota of the infected root canal, complex inner anatomy and immunologic response of patients and outlines the attributes to a successful endodontic therapy.

The article presents the author's perspective on the therapeutic protocols which aim at improving the quality of endodontic treatment. The author notes that scientific revolution that endodontics is experiencing is spectacular and that many discoveries boosted the progress, promoting important resources which contribute to greater success in the endodontic treatment. He notes the strategies for navigating in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.