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The article focuses on the complex relationship between obesity and prostate cancer, highlighting the significant increase in global obesity rates and its implications for cancer incidence and mortality. Topics include the correlation between obesity and heightened risk of prostate cancer progression, metastasis, and poor survival outcomes, as well as the urgent need for public health campaigns promoting healthy lifestyles to mitigate the obesity-related cancer burden.

Although the 500th anniversary of Leonardo's death in 2019 produced a wealth of new publications, including a four-volume monograph by Carmen Bambach, annotated new editions and the first monograph on Leonardo as an engineer, the myriad problems posed by his scientific and technological legacy have by no means been resolved. Much remains to be done on the reconstruction of the numerous writings he announced or intended to write later. As regards major projects such as the drainage of the Pontine Marshes we should consider the extent to which Leonardo could truly have conceived the plans associated with him without the help of other experts. Leonardo's claimed military ambitions when he left Florence for Milan in 1482 have been accepted in the newly published monographs, although a wealth of material from the following years indicates that he became familiar with military matters only much later. This is particularly true of the military qualifications Leonardo lists in his first letter to Ludovico Sforza. His famous letter dates to the year 1489 and not to Leonardo's move from Florence to Milan in 1482. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on Professor Joachim Dudenhausen being one of the most prominent German obstetricians, and an ambassador of German medicine and science. Topics include pioneering work in perinatal medicine being instrumental in unifying the fields of obstetrics and gynecology in Germany; and observing the work at the clinic where Professor Dudenhausen inspired for committing to a career in medicine, specifically obstetrics and gynecology.

To apply scientometric methodology to characterize influential articles in the Journal of Perinatal Medicine (JPM). We performed a cross-sectional study of all JPM articles indexed in Clarivate Web of Science (WOS), NIH Open Citation Collection, and Altmetric Explorer databases (1973–2022). We identified articles cited ≥100 times in WOS and articles with highest Relative Citation Ratios (RCR, a metric of influence based on citations) and highest Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS, a metric of engagement with social media and public platforms). We performed descriptive analysis to characterize influential articles based on citation rates vs. highest AAS, and quantile regression with bootstrapping to estimate the median differences (95% confidence intervals). We identified 4095 JPM articles that were indexed in the WOS, of which 3,959 (96.7%) had RCRs and 939 (22.9%) had AASs. The study cohort included 34 articles cited ≥100 times and the 34 top-RCR and 34 top-AAS articles, representing 83 unique articles. These influential articles had median 67 citations (IQR 17–114), median RCR 3.4 (IQR 1.7–5.0), and median AAS 14 (IQR 3–28). The majority were observational studies and reviews. Compared to top-AAS articles, top-cited articles had higher median citations (117 [IQR 111–147] vs. 13 [IQR 5–62]; median difference 104.0, 95% CI 86.6–121.4) and citations per year (7.3 [IQR 4.9–10.6] vs. 2.3 [0.7–4.6]; median difference 5.5 [95% CI 3.1–7.9]). Results were similar for top-RCR vs. top-AAS articles. We identified influential articles during 50 years of JPM, providing insight into the impact of the journal and providing a template for future studies of academic journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Peyronie's disease that is an acquired connective tissue disorder, characterized by the formation of fibrotic plaques in the tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa, which lead to penile deformity, more evident during the erection.

The article presents the discussion on shaping the future of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Topics include develop plans for future data collection efforts, and the articles' content also be of great interest for current and future users of HRS data; and data source for science on social, behavioral, and more recently biological, processes of aging.

An editorial is presented an agenda was the reorganization of the internal scientific divisions and working groups. Topics include new structure was reinforced by adapting DGKL regulations accordingly at the next general meeting of the DGKL in 2019; and prepare a manuscript of the activities presented at the DKLM 2022, which is published in this issue of the Journal of Laboratory Medicine.

The article provides an overview of a special issue of the Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity focused on imagery use in esports. The issue contains articles exploring various aspects of imagery theory, research, and application in esports settings, covering topics such as assessment, skill development, application in gameplay, coaching, and future research directions.

The artice presents a research study that discusses liquid profiling of molecular characteristics of circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) in the blood and other bodily fluids, which is one of the most promising areas in laboratory diagnostics. It provides a succinct depiction of the current status of CNA testing for patient stratification, detection of resistance mechanisms and treatment monitoring in cancer patients; and highlights the challenges toward successful clinical implementation.

An editorial is presented on the contributions, management on prevention of stillbirth. It expresses the view that importance of proper evaluation of a stillbirth prevention strategy based on improved fetal growth surveillance . An overview of the efforts, steps taken everywhere to reduce the global burden of stillbirth is presented.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses several articles published within issue related to cesarean section.

Fever is the single most frequently reported manifestation of COVID-19 and is a critical element of screening persons for COVID-19. The meaning of "fever" varies depending on the cutoff temperature used, the type of thermometer, the time of the day, the site of measurements, and the person's gender and race. The absence of a universally accepted definition for fever has been especially problematic during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation determined the extent to which fever is defined in COVID-19 publications, with special attention to those associated with pregnancy. Of 53 publications identified in which "fever" is reported as a manifestation of COVID-19 illness, none described the method used to measure patient's temperatures. Only 10 (19%) publications specified the minimum temperature used to define a fever with values that varied from a 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) to 38.1 °C (100.6 °F). There is a disturbing lack of precision in defining fever in COVID-19 publications. Given the many factors influencing temperature measurements in humans, there can never be a single, universally accepted temperature cut-off defining a fever. This clinical reality should not prevent precision in reporting fever. To achieve the precision and improve scientific and clinical communication, when fever is reported in clinical investigations, at a minimum the cut-off temperature used in determining the presence of fever, the anatomical site at which temperatures are taken, and the instrument used to measure temperatures should each be described. In the absence of such information, what is meant by the term "fever" is uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the global approach of the cesarean section rates. Topics include the cesarean section (CS) use has increased during the higher frequency than is thought to be optimal, the cesarean section rates are increasing worldwide, largely due to an increase in primary cesarean delivery and decrease in vaginal birth after cesarean section, and the factors contributing to this are complex, and identifying the complications and interventions are challenging.

An editorial is presented on the platelet testing, in which they are pivotal for the local concentration of clotting factors in secondary hemostasis as well as in dissolving blood clots and modulating repair processes in vascular injury and vascular inflammation. The article discusses that the indications for platelet testing are frequent including the exclusion of coagulopathies, bone marrow function testing.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including the future use and exchange of biological samples for upcoming research; a special biobanking law for operation of biobanks; and development and involvement of biobank experts.

Objective: To describe the scenario of academic tweeting and utilization of Twitter by editorial board members of the leading journal in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: The Twitter presence of an editorial board members of obstetrics and gynecology journal with an impact factor greater than 4 was determined. Details of their Twitter activity, year of graduation from medical school and gender were analyzed. Median SparkScore™, an online influence measure, of journals was compared to the highest impact factor journals in medicine (New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, The British Medical Journal and Journal of the American Medical Association). Results: In the six highest impact factor journals in obstetrics and gynecology, 92 of 240 (38.3%) editorial board members had an active Twitter account. The Twitter presence of editorial members of Obstetrics and Gynecology was statistically less when compared to all other journals (P < 0.01). The median number of tweets in the last 24 h and 7 days were 0. Median SparkScore™ for the highest impact factor obstetrics and gynecology journals (24) were lower compared to the highest impact journals in medicine (66) (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Editorial board members of the six highest impact factor journals in obstetrics and gynecology are not capitalizing on the dynamic nature of Twitter and its instant convenient access from our smartphones to further academia, when compared to specialties in medicine. There is a need for increased adoption of Twitter among physician leaders in the specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the integration of ChatGPT, an advanced language generation Artificial Intelligence system, into academic settings, highlighting its potential benefits and limitations. Topics include the ease of use and multilingual capabilities of ChatGPT, but also concerns regarding inaccuracies, verbosity, and potential for propagating harmful or biased content.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue, including reference intervals (RI), RI methods like truncated maximum likelihood (TML) and truncated minimum chi-square (TMC), and high sensitive cardiac troponins.

An introduction is presented in which author discusses articles on topics including focuses on value for elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of pregnancy and the newborn and its potential to promote possible changes and improvements in practice in perinatal care of the mother and child.

The article discusses pregnancy and childbirth by referring to early identification and timely interventions to prevent mortality from childbirth. Topics discussed include antenatal care such as counseling couples with recurrent pregnancy loss and prediction of fetuses at risk of perinatal morbidity, an understanding of the molecular control of gametogenesis, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, pregnancy loss rate, and intervention to improve prognosis in the congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

An editorial is presented which argues against Point-of-care testing (POCT) enables health care professionals to perform laboratory medicine tests near the patient. It mentions the underlying technology and the range of test parameters available are evolving rapidly; and It is worth mentioning that POCT and central laboratory together are important for the optimal functioning of diagnostic processes.

The article offers information on the February 2017 issue of "Journal of Perinatal Medicine," including its editorial board and staff, and table of contents.

An introduction to the journal is presented about maternal mortality cases globally and programs that can and should be done to lower the risk.

An editorial is presented in which author discusses article related to the study which evaluated inflammasome activation in the amniotic fluid (AF) collected from women with suspected chorioamnionitis at term. Topics include AF analysis performed to assess intrauterine infection and inflammation involves amniocentesis; and concludes that clinical research incorporating the knowledge on intrauterine inflammation to assess the effectiveness and safety of potential interventions is needed.

An introduction to articles in the issue is presented on topics including a set of ICT tools that is used in Switzerland to render laboratory data interoperable, the process of implementing the Australian electronic health record, and some of the challenges of new diagnostic tests that produce so much data.

The article presents the editorial staff of the "Journal of Perinatal Medicine" including Editor-in-Chief J. W. Dudenhausen, Founding Editor E.Z. Saling and members of the Editorial Board including R. Bergmann, J.F. Bernardes and L. Cabero.

The article offers information on the April 2016 issue of the "Journal of Perinatal Medicine" including a list of members of the editorial staff, the table of contents, and publisher.

An editorial is presented on the geriatric assessment in laboratory medicine due to the demographic changes with increase in the population of older people. It expresses the differences between the impaired immune defense between elderly people and younger people, the challenge of making the older patients ready for blood sampling and laboratory testing.

The article talks about the changes made in the perodical, along with information on the publications.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including vaginal fluid IGFBP-1 and interleukin-6 to determine preterm delivery, elastography for cervix, and hepatitis in pregnancy.

The front cover of "Journal of Perinatal Medicine" is presented.

The article lists the editorial staff of the publication and the table of contents for the January 2015 issue.

The front cover of the journal is presented along with the issue's editors and information on membership and subscriptions.

Background: The present study was carried out to test the antibacterial effect of the body wall of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius. Methods: After sampling sea cucumbers from the Persian Gulf, different extractions were prepared. Then, aqueous, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.8), chloroform, hexane and methanolic extracts from sea cucumber body wall were screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria S. mutans and S. salivarius using the disk diffusion method. Results: The PBS extract did not show any antibacterial or inhibitory activity; the chloroform extract, however, demonstrated high levels of antibacterial activity against S. salivarius while exhibiting low levels of activity against S. mutans. The hexane and methanolic extracts were found to show no antibacterial activity against S. mutans, but exhibited antibacterial activity against S. salivarius. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results demonstrated the possibility of utilizing sea cucumbers as a cheap source of potential antibacterial agents and for treating odontogenic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Cancer-associated thrombosis is well established in clinical settings, and thrombin has been found to induce angiogenesis at cancer sites. This establishes a link between cardiovascular diseases and cancer, where cancer and thrombin have been intricately associated. Various selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been reported to exhibit anticancer activity. Therefore, we investigated estradiol-17β and SERMs dl-ormeloxifene (centchroman), raloxifene and levormeloxifene (l-centchroman) for their anticancer effects and their effect on thrombin activity. Methods: Anticancer activity was assessed against PC-3 cell line by flow cytometry following treatment with estradiol-17β and SERMs at 10 nM-1 mM concentrations. The cells were stained with propidium iodide and the percentage of cells in the sub-G0/G1 region was considered apoptotic. Thrombin inhibitory effect was evaluated by thrombin inhibition assay in vitro following incubation with 100 nM-3 mM concentrations of estradiol-17β or various SERMs. Further, the effect of estradiol-17β and SERMs on endogenous thrombin generation potential (ETP) was assessed by thrombin generation assay on rat plasma in vitro. Results: These compounds exhibited >90% cell death in PC-3 cell lines at 1 mM concentration except estradiol-17β. Neither estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene showed any thrombin inhibitory or enhancing activity in thrombin inhibition assay, nor did they show any effect on ETP on rat plasma in vitro. However, raloxifene inhibited thrombin activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Raloxifene decreased ETP of the plasma at 3 and 1 mM,which is equivalent to that of 30-100 U/mL of heparin. Interestingly, raloxifene increased thrombin generation at lower concentrations and it inhibited thrombin generation at higher concentrations. Conclusions: These observations suggest that dl-ormeloxifene, estradiol-17β and levormeloxifene do not possess thrombin inhibitory activity. Raloxifene possesses thrombin modulatory effect in addition to its anticancer activity, and this observation may help us in understanding the thromboembolic complications associated with raloxifene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic ethanol use is a global problem including among HIV-infected patients on stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (d4T/3TC/NVP) regimen. The study determined the effect of chronic ethanol use on the therapeutic window of d4T, 3TC and NVP in HIV-infected patients using alcohol-use biomarkers to screen patients for chronic ethanol use. Methods: A case-control study using repeated measures design with serial measurements was used to quantify drugs in plasma. The WHO alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) tool was initially used to screen patients for chronic alcohol use, and then they were further sorted using alcohol-use bioamarkers (γ-glutamyl transferase ≥55.0 IU; mean corpuscular volume, ≥96 fl, aspartate amino transferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio ≥2.0 value). A total of 41 patients (26 in the alcohol group and 15 in the control group) were followed up for 9 months with blood sampling done at 3-month intervals. Plasma drug concentrations were quantified using a Shimadzu Class-VP™ HPLC data system version 6.1. Data was analyzed using SAS 2003 version 9.1 statistical package with repeated measures fixed model. Means were compared using Student's t-test. Results: The mean steady-state plasma drug concentrations of d4T and 3TC in the alcohol group were lower than that in the control group during the 9-month period of follow-up. For 3TC, there was a statistical difference in the mean steady-state plasma drug concentrations between the alcohol group and the control group (p≤0.05) in the 6- and 9-month period of follow-up. For NVP, in both groups they were within the reference ranges, although the drug plasma concentrations were higher in the alcohol group compared to the control group and were statistically significant (p<0.05) in 0, 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Chronic ethanol use by HIV-infected patients reduced the therapeutic steady-state plasma drug concentrations of d4T and 3TC and increased the NVP drug concentrations in the HIV-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The abortifacient potential of ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella was assessed in the present study. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups containing 12 animals in each group. Control group rats were orally administered with distilled water, while rats in the second group received 300 mg/kg b. wt of the seed extract from gestation day 12 to 18, once daily. Half of the rats from both the groups were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose on gestation day 20 and the remaining were allowed to go to full term to deliver vaginally. Results: A significant reduction in maternal final weight, number of implantation sites, average weight of pups, implantation index, number of live fetuses, placental weight, percentage survival of fetuses, progesterone level, as well as the contrasting significant increase in resorption index, post-implantation loss, number of dead fetuses, and percentage of abortions was recorded in the seed extract treated rats. Histology of the uteri exhibited increased myometrium thickness and decreased endometrium thickness with degenerated cubic epithelial cells, uterine glands and increased infiltration of white blood cells in seed extract treated group. The ovaries revealed shrunken and degenerated corpora lutea in extract treated rats. The placentas exhibited degeneration of the junctional zone and the labyrinth in the seed extract treated rats. Fetuses were noticed with deformities in extract treated group. Seed extract treated rats did not deliver any pups until the full term of gestation. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that the seeds of Caesalpinia bonducella possess abortifacient activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting side effect of long-term use of tenofovir, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Identifying an agent that prevents tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-induced renal injury can lead to better tolerance to TDF, and a more effective treatment can be achieved in HIV infected patients. Recent studies show that oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation play a role in TDF nephrotoxicity. The present study is aimed at investigating whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, protects against TDF nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods: Adult male rats were used for the study. Some rats received 600 mg/kg body weight TDF by gavage for 35 days, while others received once daily 20 mg/kg body weight melatonin i.p. 2 h before TDF administration. All the rats were sacrificed on the 36th day, after overnight fast. Results: Melatonin pretreatment protected the rats against TDF nephrotoxicity both histologically and biochemically. Biochemically, melatonin pretreatment attenuated TDF-induced renal oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation and preserved proximal tubular function. Histologically, melatonin pretreatment prevented TDF-induced proximal tubular injury and mitochondrial injury such as swelling, disruption of cristae, and deposition of amorphous material in the matrix. It restored the lysosomal and mitochondrial numbers in the proximal tubules also. Conclusions: Melatonin pretreatment protects rats from tenofovir-induced damage to proximal tubular mitochondria by attenuating oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation. This suggests that it may be useful in ameliorating TDF nephrotoxicity in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including various aspects of multiple pregnancy and birth, discordant birth weight, and monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twins.

The front cover for the "Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2014" Volume 42 Issue 5 is presented.

The article presents information on the July 2014 issue of the "Journal of Perinatal Medicine" including the members of its editorial board, table of contents and associations in which it is associated with such as the World Association of Perinatal Medicine.

A table of contents for the 2014 Volume 42 Issue 3 of "Journal of Perinatal Medicine" is presented.

The cover page of the journal is presented, along with a list of its editorial staff, publishing details and table of contents.