Search

The article "La vieillesse d'Amon-Rê à Karnak" by Sébastien Biston-Moulin examines a passage from the White Chapel of Senusret I in Karnak. The author proposes a new interpretation, which is compared to a related text from the Akhmenu of Thutmose III in Karnak. Both inscriptions refer to the reconstruction of the temple of Amun-Ra in Karnak and use the metaphor of the aging and rejuvenation of the god. The inscriptions emphasize the worship of the Egyptian god Amun-Ra by the kings Thutmose III and Senusret I. The article also describes the closeness between the rulers Sesostris I and Thutmose III and the aging deity Amun-Ra in the temple of Karnak. It is speculated that the rulers bestowed years of life and rejuvenation upon the god. The article provides detailed information and analysis on various aspects of the temple of Karnak. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the use of Raman microspectroscopy analysis to assess changes in cellulose micro/nanofibril structure from fibers subjected to different pre-treatments. Pulp fibers were pre-treated with 5 wt% NaOH for 2 h, 10 wt% NaOH for 1 h, and endoglucanase-type enzymes to improve nanofibrilation. After the pre-treatments, the fibers were mechanically fibrillated to produce cellulose micro/nanofibrils, which were made into films to be analyzed. Fibers pre-treated with 5 wt% NaOH produced 59% micro/nanofibrils with average diameter less than 30 nm, for Eucalyptus, and 46% of micro/nanofibrils, with the same diameter, for Pinus. However, the enzymatic pre-treatment was the most efficient, resulting in 83% of micro/nanofibrils for Eucalyptus and 78% for Pinus. This corroborates with the lowest values of the 1.096/2.896 ratio and degree of polymerization, indicating chain shortening in cellulose. X-ray diffraction and Raman microspectroscopy crystallinity results presented similar tendencies, with increased crystallinity caused by all pre-treatments, being 5 wt% NaOH for 2 h the highest, with 70%, for Eucalyptus and Pinus. Enzymatic pre-treatment has produced the best fibrillation and greater crystallinity. The present work has shown a reliable way of assessing cellulose structure using Raman microspectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell wall of plant fibers may contain irregular regions called dislocations. This study evaluated the effect of chemical pretreatment as a mechanochemical dislocation initiator in unbleached and bleached Eucalyptus sp. fibers. Accordingly, bleached and unbleached pulps of eucalyptus were subjected to chemical pretreatments with sodium hydroxide at concentrations of 5% for 2 h, 10% for 1 h and 10% for 2 h or with hydrogen peroxide. The extent of dislocations was evaluated by polarized light microscopy. Based on the observation, an index of dislocations (ID) expressing their ratio of cell wall as per two-dimensional (2D) imaging and their angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the fiber were estimated. Chemical pretreatments increased the ID for bleached and unbleached fibers as well as increased the changes in the curl of bleached and unbleached fibers for chemical pretreatments. Chemical pretreatment extracted the hemicellulose of the fiber cell wall causing some fiber to curl, which in turn generated new dislocations and modifications in the dislocation angles which may be useful for improving the deconstruction process of the cellulose fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to analyze the natural occurrence of slip planes (SPs) in Eucalyptus grandis wood fibers in terms of their characterization, distribution in the stem and associations with other wood characteristics. A 28-year-old E. grandis was studied, whose stems were sampled in the base-top direction. The longitudinal compressive stress regions (LCompSR, in the inner part of the stem) and longitudinal tensile stress region (LTensSR, in the outer parts of the stem) were separately considered. The following parameters were measured: microfibril angle (MFA), slip plane angle (SPA), number of SPs per millimeter (SP mm−1), slip plane index (SPI) and the relative abundance of SP in the fiber. The SPAs differ only slightly between LCompSR (76°) and LTensSR (77°). The base of the stem, which supports a larger mass, contains the most SPs and the number of SPs decreases from the base to the top. In the LCompSR, the SPI reduction was from 21 to 8%, and in the LTensSR, from 18 to 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was calculated for many years using the Friedewald equation, but those from Sampson and extended-Martin-Hopkins perform differently. Their accuracy in fasting hypertriglyceridemia and non-fasting state were compared and the clinical impact of implementing these equations on risk classification and on the setting of lipid treatment goals was assessed. Seven thousand six standard lipid profiles and LDL-C concentrations measured after ultracentrifugation (uLDL-C) were retrospectively included. uLDL-C were compared to calculated LDL-C in terms of correlation, root mean square error, residual error, mean absolute deviations and cardiovascular stratification. In fasting state (n=5,826), Sampson equation was the most accurate, exhibited the highest percentage of residual error lower than 0.13 mmol/L (67 vs. 57 % and 63 % using Friedewald, or extended-Martin-Hopkins equations respectively) and the lowest misclassification rate. However, the superiority of this equation was less pronounced when triglyceride concentration (TG) <4.5 mmol/L were considered. In post-prandial state (n=1,180), extended-Martin-Hopkins was the most accurate equation, exhibited the highest percentage of residual error lower than 0.13 mmol/L (73 vs. 39 % and 57 % using Friedewald and Sampson equation respectively). Overall, the negative bias with Sampson equation may lead to undertreatment. Conversely, a positive bias was observed with extended Martin-Hopkins. None of the equations tested are accurate when TG>4.52 mmol/L. When TG<4.52 mmol/L both Sampson and Martin-Hopkins equations performed better than Friedewald. The switch to one or the other should take in account their limitations, their ease of implementation into the lab software and the proportion of non-fasting patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was calculated for many years using the Friedewald equation, but those from Sampson and extended-Martin-Hopkins perform differently. Their accuracy in fasting hypertriglyceridemia and non-fasting state were compared and the clinical impact of implementing these equations on risk classification and on the setting of lipid treatment goals was assessed. Seven thousand six standard lipid profiles and LDL-C concentrations measured after ultracentrifugation (uLDL-C) were retrospectively included. uLDL-C were compared to calculated LDL-C in terms of correlation, root mean square error, residual error, mean absolute deviations and cardiovascular stratification. In fasting state (n=5,826), Sampson equation was the most accurate, exhibited the highest percentage of residual error lower than 0.13 mmol/L (67 vs. 57 % and 63 % using Friedewald, or extended-Martin-Hopkins equations respectively) and the lowest misclassification rate. However, the superiority of this equation was less pronounced when triglyceride concentration (TG) <4.5 mmol/L were considered. In post-prandial state (n=1,180), extended-Martin-Hopkins was the most accurate equation, exhibited the highest percentage of residual error lower than 0.13 mmol/L (73 vs. 39 % and 57 % using Friedewald and Sampson equation respectively). Overall, the negative bias with Sampson equation may lead to undertreatment. Conversely, a positive bias was observed with extended Martin-Hopkins. None of the equations tested are accurate when TG>4.52 mmol/L. When TG<4.52 mmol/L both Sampson and Martin-Hopkins equations performed better than Friedewald. The switch to one or the other should take in account their limitations, their ease of implementation into the lab software and the proportion of non-fasting patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial sector is increasingly interested in the production of yarns based on renewable, efficient, innovative, and ecological resources. Among these precursors, cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) have gained attention due to their interesting characteristics for the development of new products. However, their dimensions pose challenges in their use. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of NFC concentrations and dimensions on the quality of bicomponent yarns. The bicomponent yarns were produced using a coaxial needle and the dry–wet-spinning method. The outer layer was made of guar gum (3 % w/v) and the inner layer of NFC bleached at two different degrees of refining (NFC A and NFC B). Yarn production involved varying concentrations of NFC (4.5 %, 3.5 % and 2.5 % w/v) NFC, which were characterized by real density analyses, tensile strength, water absorption, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Guar gum showed more hydrophilic characteristics, and its delay in hardening caused a less circular section and flaps on the side of the yarn. NFC B exhibited the smallest average diameter, and higher concentrations resulted in yarns with greater mechanical strength, more circular cross-sections, and fewer microstructural defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: APOB gene; hypobetalipoproteinemia; minigene; splicing mutation EN APOB gene hypobetalipoproteinemia minigene splicing mutation e259 e262 4 10/30/23 20231101 NES 231101 To the Editor, Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is characterized by reduced plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) below the fifth percentile adjusted for age and sex [[1]]. Hypobetalipoproteinemia, APOB gene, minigene, splicing mutation. [Extracted from the article]