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Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inwieweit Leistungsdifferenzierung (bzw. ability tracking) Bildungsungleichheit beeinflusst, wird kontrovers diskutiert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie die Stringenz von Leistungsdifferenzierung (z. B. erzeugt durch verbindliche Übergangsempfehlungen) mit der Effizienz von Lernprozessen und sozialer Ungleichheit in der Sekundarstufe zusammenhängt. Den theoretischen Ausgangspunkt bildet eine kritische Betrachtung des „Model of Ability Tracking" (MoAbiT) von Hartmut Esser. Empirische Analysen von Daten aus zwei IQB-Bildungstrendstudien stellen folgende Hauptannahmen des MoAbiT in Frage: Erstens, dass Sekundarschulklassen bei strikter Leistungsdifferenzierung kognitiv homogener zusammengesetzt sind und zweitens, dass kognitive Homogenität mit höheren schulischen Kompetenzen assoziiert ist. In Bezug auf die Auswirkungen von Leistungsdifferenzierung auf soziale Disparitäten zeichnet die vorliegende Arbeit ein gemischtes Bild. Ob strikte Leistungsdifferenzierung – wie im MoAbiT postuliert – Lernprozesse erleichtert und Bildungsungleichheit reduziert, bleibt angesichts der Befunde fraglich. How ability tracking affects student achievement and educational inequality is a key question in the sociology of education. This study examines how the strictness of ability tracking (e. g., created through binding teacher recommendations) relates to students' scholastic performance and socioeconomic achievement gaps. The starting point is a critical reflection on Hartmut Esser's 'Model of Ability Tracking' (MoAbiT). Analyses of two IQB Trends in Student Achievement studies question the following fundamental assumptions proposed by the MoAbiT: first, that strict ability tracking fosters cognitive homogeneity among students within school classes and, second, that cognitive homogeneity associates positively with scholastic performance. The present study's results concerning the effects of strict ability tracking on socioeconomic achievement gaps are mixed. These findings challenge the MoAbiT's key premise, which suggests that ability tracking is an effective measure to improve student achievement and reduce educational inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Health Forum is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wir untersuchen mit Daten der IQB-Ländervergleiche und Bildungstrends 2008/2009, 2012 und 2015, ob (1.) Disparitäten in der Bildungsbeteiligung und Lesekompetenz von Lernenden aus eingewanderten und nicht eingewanderten Familien in Ostdeutschland geringer ausgeprägt sind als in Westdeutschland und (2.) ob die geringere einwanderungsbezogene Bildungsungleichheit in Ostdeutschland auf geringere Unterschiede in (a) der sozialen Herkunft, (b) der sozialen Schulklassenzusammensetzung und (c) der frühkindlichen Bildung zurückgeführt werden kann. Es zeigt sich, dass in Ostdeutschland geringere oder teilweise keine einwanderungsbezogenen Bildungsdisparitäten bestehen, es ergeben sich sogar Bildungsvorteile für Jugendliche der zweiten Einwanderungsgeneration im Gymnasialbesuch. Ferner ist die geringere einwanderungsbezogene Ungleichheit in der Gymnasialbeteiligung und Lesekompetenz in Ostdeutschland auf geringere einwanderungsbezogene Ungleichheit in der sozialen Herkunft und sozialen Komposition der Schulklassen zurückzuführen. Using data from the IQB country comparisons and educational trends from 2008/2009, 2012 and 2015, this article examines whether (1.) disparities in educational participation and reading competencies among students from immigrant and non-immigrant families are less pronounced in East Germany than in West Germany and (2.) whether and to what extent the lower ethnic educational inequality in East Germany can be attributed to smaller differences in (a) social origin, (b) social composition of school classes, and (c) early childhood education. Descriptively, it shows that there are significantly fewer or no ethnic educational disparities in East Germany. We even find advantages for student of the second immigrant generation in participating in upper secondary schools. Multivariable analyses show that the lower ethnic inequality in educational participation and reading competencies in East Germany is mainly due to lower ethnic inequality in social origin and the social composition of the school classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demografische Veränderungen und der Ausbau der lokalen Schulstruktur sollten aus meritokratischer Perspektive keinen Einfluss auf die Bildungschancen haben. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir jedoch, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Förderschulbesuchs mit diesen systemischen Aspekten zusammenhängt. So zeigen wir, dass der starke Bevölkerungsrückgang in Ostdeutschland zu einem ebenso starken Anstieg der Förderschulquoten geführt hat. Darüber hinaus können wir mit Fixed-Effects-Modellen für die deutschen Kreise von 1995 bis 2017 zeigen, dass lokale demografische Entwicklungen und der Ausbau des Förderschulnetzes auch außerhalb demografischer Ausnahmeerscheinungen mit der Förderschulquote im Zusammenhang stehen. Hinter unseren Ergebnissen vermuten wir ein Selbsterhaltungsinteresse des Förderschulsystems, das sich zudem seit der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) in einem „Wettbewerb" mit den allgemeinen Schulen um ausreichend Kinder befindet. From a meritocratic point of view, demographic change and the local school structure should not influence educational opportunities. In this study, we can demonstrate for the German counties (Kreise) from 1995 to 2017 that the probability to enroll in a special school is associated with those systemic aspects. By means of fixed-effect models, we can show that the stark demographic change in east Germany is linked to rising segregation rates in special schools. Even outside such extraordinary demographic trends, we can demonstrate, that the local school system and demographic change is linked to segregation rates. With respect to underlying mechanisms, we argue that special schools strive for self-preservation when cohort sizes decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dieser Artikel untersucht auf der Basis der Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) die langfristige Entwicklung der Mobilitätsprozesse zwischen dem akademischen und nicht-akademischen Schulzweig im allgemeinen Schulsystem in Westdeutschland und im wiedervereinigten Ostdeutschland. Die Analysen basieren auf logistischen Regressionen. Es wird ein multidimensionales Herkunftskonzept verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es heute noch immer mehr Abwärts- als Aufwärtsmobilität im allgemeinen Schulsystem in Westdeutschland gibt. Insgesamt sind die Mobilitätsraten zwischen den Schulzweigen generell sehr niedrig. Kinder hochgebildeter Eltern und aus Herkunftsfamilien mit hohem Status steigen in Westdeutschland häufiger vom nicht-akademischen zum akademischen Schulzweig auf. Außerdem steigen vor allem Kinder niedrig gebildeter Eltern in Westdeutschland und im wiedervereinigten Ostdeutschland eher vom akademischen zum nicht-akademischen Schulzweig ab. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), this article investigates how frequent between-track mobility is in the general education system in West Germany and in East Germany after unification. Implementing a multidimensional approach to social background, this paper examines social origin and gender differences in moving up to the academic track in West Germany or down to the non-academic track in West Germany and in East Germany after unification. The empirical evidence indicates that downward mobility is more common than upward mobility in West Germany. Moreover, there is not much overall mobility between the academic and non-academic tracks in the general education system. In addition, it could be shown that children from families with a higher educational background and higher social status background are more likely to move up from the non-academic to the academic track in West Germany. Children from families with a lower educational background in West Germany and in East Germany after unification are more likely to move downwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden nachträgliche Wechsel von Jugendlichen zu Schulformen, die die Hochschulreife ermöglichen, mittels SOEP-Daten untersucht. Dabei werden auch mögliche Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesländern Bayern, Baden-Württemberg, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen, die unterschiedlich offene Schulstrukturen aufweisen, geprüft. Die zentrale Frage ist, ob solche Aufstiegsprozesse zu einer Veränderung von Bildungsungleichheiten, die zu Beginn der Sekundarstufe I bestehen, beitragen und ob es darin Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Bundesländern gibt. Zur Untersuchung der Bildungsungleichheiten wird zwischen einer konditionalen und unkonditionalen Analyseperspektive unterschieden. Die empirischen Befunde zeigen, dass es im Bildungsverlauf nicht zu einer Verstärkung von sozialen Herkunftseffekten kommt und dass Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund ihre Nachteile tendenziell abbauen können. Die Bundesländer unterscheiden sich nur unwesentlich in den Herkunftseffekten; in Baden-Württemberg scheinen jedoch Jugendliche aus Familien mit niedriger Bildung bessere Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten zu haben als in den anderen untersuchten Bundesländern. Based on SOEP (German Socio-Economic Panel) data this paper analyzes late student transfers to school types that lead to a university entrance qualification. In addition, possible variations between the states of Bavaria, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Lower Saxony, and North Rhine-Westphalia, which differ in the openness of their school structures, are examined. The central questions are whether greater educational opportunity leads to a lessening of the educational inequalities which were found to exist for these students at the beginning of secondary school and whether the school systems of the four states differ in this regard. The analysis of educational inequalities distinguishes between a conditional and an unconditional perspective. The empirical results show that there is no strengthening of the effects of social origin during the students' school careers. In fact, young people with a migration background tend to be able to reduce their disadvantages. Overall, the four states differ only marginally with respect to origin effects. However, in general, young people in Baden-Wuerttemberg seem to enjoy better advancement opportunities than in the other states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)