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Monogenic Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of inherited connective tissue conditions that are clinically characterised by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and/or fragility, and generalised tissue fragility. Gene panel testing with massively parallel sequencing is currently gold standard to confirm diagnoses of the monogenic EDS types. We aim to report on the (combination of) clinical features of the monogenic EDS types through text and photographs, to aid clinical diagnosis as despite the significant progress in genetic testing possibilities, a thorough clinical assessment which includes medical history, family history and physical examination remains important in the diagnostic process. In addition, in those cases where no molecular diagnosis is possible, a clinical diagnosis can still guide management and surveillance., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest., (© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.)

With increased application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in the diagnosis of monogenic Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, there is an increased probability to identify variants of unknown significance. Additionally, in some cases no genetic alteration may be identified whilst there is a strong clinical suspicion on a monogenic EDS type. The diagnostic value of non-genetic investigations, which prior to NGS were quite commonly used to support the clinical diagnosis of monogenic EDS types, is explored. In addition, new structural/functional investigations that could deliver evidence towards pathogenicity are discussed. It appears that certain functional and/or structural investigations used frequently in the past can remain helpful and can provide additional evidence that may confirm a clinical diagnosis of a monogenic EDS type. However, there is a need for the development of novel structural/functional studies for monogenic types of EDS. The level of evidence of such studies for application in the established diagnostic DNA variant classification criteria remains to be determined., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest., (© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.)