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In the present work, manganese–copper co-infused nickel oxide nanoparticles (MnCu co-doped NiO NPs) were formulated via a green process using Carica papaya extract. The MnCu co-doped NiO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The XRD pattern demonstrated that synthesized MnCu co-doped NiO NPs exhibit cubic structure. On the PL spectrum, various surface defects were identified. MnCu co-doped NiO NPs exhibited ferromagnetic properties at 37°C. The antimicrobial activity of green synthesis MnCu co-doped NiO NPs against human pathogens (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Candida albicans as fungal strains were demonstrated. The MnCu co-doped NiO NPs treatment considerably reduced MDA-MB-231 cell viability while not disturbing HBL-100 cell viability. Different fluorescent staining analyses revealed that MnCu co-doped NiO NPs induced nuclear and mitochondrial damage to improve free radical production, altering mitochondrial membrane protein potential, which led to apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. The MnCu co-doped NiO NP treatment enhanced pro-apoptotic protein expression and inhibited the cell cycle at the S phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. This makes it easy, cheap, and environmentally friendly to make MnCu co-doped NiO NPs using C. papaya extract, which has excellent antimicrobial properties.

In this study, chlorogenic acid nanoparticles encapsulated in Pluronic F127 polymer were synthesized and characterized to determine if they could treat human liver cancer. The nanoparticles were synthesized using standard procedures and characterized using physical and biological techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis, dynamic light scattering, Photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The anticancer effects were assessed using MTT analysis, acridine orange/ethidium bromide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), COMET assay, annexin-V/FITC, cell cycle analysis, and expression of marker genes against HepG2 cell lines. The results showed significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and increased ROS production in treated cells compared to control cells. The nanoparticles also activated the apoptotic cascade and regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. The nanocomposites exhibited unique characteristics such as anticancer efficacy in vitro. Further research was conducted using zebrafish to model hematological parameters, liver enzymes, and histopathology to study effectiveness. Green-synthesized Pluronic F127–chlorogenic acid nanoparticles can be considered potential cancer therapy agents.