Search

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the youth (MODY), is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of diseasesand is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate both novel and proven mutations of 11 MODY genes in Turkish children by using targeted next generation sequencing. Methods: A panel of 11 MODY genes were screened in 43 children with MODY diagnosed by clinical criterias. Studies of index cases was done with MISEQ-ILLUMINA, and family screenings and confirmation studies of mutations was done by Sanger sequencing. Results: We identified 28 (65%) point mutations among 43 patients. Eighteen patients have GCK mutations, four have HNF1A, one has HNF4A, one has HNF1B, two have NEUROD1, one has PDX1 gene variations and one patient has both HNF1A and HNF4A heterozygote mutations. Conclusions: This is the first study including molecular studies of 11 MODY genes in Turkish children. GCK is the most frequent type of MODY in our study population. Very high frequency of novel mutations (42%) in our study population, supports that in heterogenous disorders like MODY sequence analysis provides rapid, cost effective and accurate genetic diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) treatment on anterior pituitary hormones in female children with central precocious puberty (CPP). Subjects and method: There were 62 female children who had been diagnosed with CPP and received GnRHa (Leuprolide acetate, 3.75 mg intramuscular/subcutaneous/28 days) included in the study. All subjects were clinically evaluated prior to treatment and every 3 months during treatment with serum LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH, PRL as pituitary hormones, and the end hormones such as plasma E2, cortisol, fT3, fT4 levels were measured. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured, and SDS was evaluated according to age and gender. Results: Prolactin levels were higher during GnRHa treatment compared to pre-treatment values although the increase was statistically significant only at month 3. In addition, while 2 (3.2%) of the patients had hyperprolactinemia before treatment, 11 (17.7%) patients developed hyperprolactinemia at different time points during treatment. Conclusion: This study concluded that GnRHa treatment resulted in hyperprolactinemia and had no significant effect other pituitary hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common congenital endocrine disorder is congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which can lead to mental retardation if untreated. Majority of the patients have been found to have defects in thyroid development and migration disorders (dysgenesis), and the remaining ones have thyroid hormone synthesis defects (dyshormonogenesis). One of the most common mechanisms to cause dyshormonogenesis is a defect in the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme. In familial cases, mutations in the TPO gene are fairly prevalent. To date, more than 80 mutations have been identified, which result in variably decreasing TPO bioactivities. Clinical manifestations of TPO defects are typically permanent CH and with or without goiter. In this report, we presented two children with CH who were born to consanguineous parents and were homozygous carriers of a missense (G319R) TPO mutation, the mutation segregated with the disease status in the families confirming its pathogenicity. G319R mutation seemed to be a common cause of CH in Turkish population, which could originate from a common founder ancestor. Moreover, our results also confirmed the phenotypic variability associated with different TPO mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder frequently caused by the mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2). Its prevalence in the population is 1/15,000-20,000. Patients with Rett syndrome present apparently normal psychomotor developments during the first 6-18 months of life. Subsequently, they show a short period of developmental stagnation followed by a rapid regression in language and motor development. Precocious puberty is characterized by premature breast and pubic hair development, and advanced bone age development at 8 years of age. We present a case of Rett syndrome and precocious puberty in a 6-year-old girl. At the age of 6, the first signs of precocious puberty appeared (Tanner stage 3). Laboratory measurements were detected as follows: luteinizing hormone (LH), 0.2 mIU/mL; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 1.1 mIU/mL; estradiol, 36 pg/mL; bone age, 9 years. The response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test) was characteristic for true precocious puberty (LH, 32 mIU/mL; FSH, 26 mIU/mL). This is the first reported case of precocious puberty related to Rett syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]