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Objectives: This descriptive study aimed to determine individuals' knowledge and opinions about premarital counseling and opinions. Methods: The study was conducted between January 15 and May 15, 20 with the people at İskele Meydanı (Pier Square), Üsküdar, İstanbul. The population included the males and females who were 18 years old or older. 439 people who accepted to participate in the study constituted the sample. The data were collected using a questionnaire form which included 21 questions and was prepared in accordance with the literature. After receiving the necessary permissions, the questionnaire forms were administered by the researcher to the voluntary people at the downtown of Üsküdar. Results: 439 people participated in the study and 256 of them (58.3%) were females while 183 (41.7%) were males. Of the participants, 42.8% were married and 49.9% were single. Most of the participants obtained information in the premarital period by seeing a medical specialist (61%) and performing research on the internet (53.3%). More than half of the participants (60.4%) knew/heard about premarital counseling. The majority (69%) believed that this type of counseling is necessary. Half of the participants (52.8%) preferred family healthcare centers for receiving premarital counseling services and approximately half of the participants (48.1%) wanted to receive education during the engagement period. Most of the participants (57.6%) demanded that both premarital counseling and education be provided to the couples by a psychologist. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it is recommended that public healthcare centers and public education centers be established at regions far from the hospital for ensuring that premarital education is comfortably provided to the people with easy access, these centers be used more actively, and gynecology nurses play more active roles in premarital counseling services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

cell necrosis and high mortality rate have been reported in poisoning by fungi Amanita Phalloides. In this study, antioxidant and sitoprotective effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) and L-Carnitin was investigated preventing effects on induced liver injury. In each groups,with weights between 40-50 gr musculus type 10 male mice were used and formed 6 groups. Respectively group with control group (Group 1), only α-Amanitin applied (Group 2), α-Amanitin+ EPO applied (Group 3), α-Amanitin+L-Carnitin applied(Group 4), only EPO applied (Group 5), only L-carnitin applied (group 6). Liver tissue MDA, GPx and Catalase, serum ALT and AST were studied. Compared to a combination of all groups, serum AST levels and tissue MDA and CAT levels found statistically significant difference (p values < 0,001; 0,003 and 0,005). Among the groups in serum ALT, tissue MDA, tissue CAT and GPx levels, there was no significant difference (for all p values > 0,05). Serum AST levels were significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 1 (p=0,014), higher in Group 3 than Group 2 (p= 0,01), lower Group 6 than Group 1(p=0,016). The results of biochemical studies evaluated that experimental animals in group 2 applied Amanita Phalloides did not cause toxic effect enough, serum AST levels also influenced by other factors such as hemolysis except for liver damage. Therfore serum AST levels may have been different among the groups. Histopathologic examination of tissue may be more descriptive information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amanita phalloides türü mantarlar ile oluşan zehirlenmelerde hücre nekrozu ve yüksek mortalite oranı bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada antioksidan ve sitoprotective etkileri olan Eritropoetinin (EPO) ve L-Carnitin'in α-Amanitin'in oluşturduğu karaciğer hasarını önlemedeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Her grupta, ağırlıkları 40-50 gr arasında olan Musculuse cinsi 10'ar adet erkek fare olmak üzere toplam 6 çalışma grubu oluşturuldu. Gruplar sırasıyla kontrol grubu(1. Grup),yalnız α-Amanitin uygulanan(2.Grup), α-Amanitin+ EPO uygulanan(3. Grup), α-Amanitin+ L-Carnitin uygulanan(4.Grup), yalnız EPO uygulanan(5. Grup), yalnız L-Carnitin uygulanan(6.Grup) gruplardı.Deney sonrası hayvanların serum ve doku örnekleri alındı. Karaciğer dokusunda MDA, GPx ve Katalaz; serumda ALT ve AST çalışıldı. Bütün gruplar bir arada karşılaştırıldığında; serum AST düzeyleri ve doku MDA ve doku CAT düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklı bulundu (p değerleri sırasıyla: <0,001; 0,003 ve 0,005). Gruplar arasında serum ALT, doku MDA, doku CAT ve doku GPx düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (hepsi için p değerleri >0,05). Serum AST düzeyleri Grup 2'de Grup 1'den istatistiksel olarak anlamlı daha yüksek (p=0,014), Grup 3'de Grup 2'den istatistiksel olarak anlamlı daha yüksek (p=0,01), Grup 6'da Grup 1'den istatistiksel olarak anlamlı daha düşük bulundu (p=0,016). Biyokimyasal çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, Grup 2'deki deney hayvanlarına verilen A.Phalloides mantarı yeterince toksik etki oluşturmamıştır. Serum AST düzeyleri karaciğer hasarı dışında hemoliz gibi başka faktörlerden de etkilenmektedir. Serum AST düzeyleri bu yüzden gruplar arasında farklı bulunmuş olabilir. Histopatolojik doku incelemeleri yapılması daha açıklayıcı bilgiler verebilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]