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Within the cognitive linguistics literature, many publications have dealt with conceptual metaphors about love and sexual desire (Lakoff 1987; Kövecses 2003; Barcelona 1992, 1995; Emanatian 1995, 1996.) However, a source domain that has not received the attention it merits is that of the hunt. This source domain deserves to be studied not only because of the interest in the conceptual metaphors it generates, but primarily because of the ideology and cultural values behind it. For this reason, applying a combined methodology based on cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Goatly 2007), this article explores the use of the source domain of the hunt for the expression of love and sexual desire in metaphorical linguistic expressions with male hunters and female prey, paying critical attention to discourse and the ideologies about gender that are conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the archaeological find from Hammerwich near Lichfield, Staffs., unearthed in 2009. The find represents the largest assemblage of gold items on record from early medieval Britain. While the identification of most items in the assemblage as fragments of weapons poses few difficulties, the purpose of the deposit is far from obvious. The find neither displays unequivocal features of a hoard nor does it connect with practices of sacrifice in religious contexts. The article focuses on the uncial inscription of a verse from Psalm 67, incised into one item. The inscription connects with the early eighth-century Life of St Guthlac, which features the same verse. Both references belong to the earliest quotes of this otherwise rarely used verse. The article argues that the deposit should be placed into the context of the crisis of the Kingdom of Mercia around 700AD. This crisis appears to have been a consequence of attempts to change the structure of the Mercian stirps regia from a descent group of rulers into a group of rulers over various collectives of residents. The article suggests that structural transformations of this kind, occurring not only in Mercia but simultaneously also in Wessex and Kent, were indicative of processes of state formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gregory of Tours's oeuvre is one of the few testimonies of the Merovingian Early Middle Ages. The paper illustrates that the experience of contingency and the attempt to overcome it during a time of civil war were the situation in which the 'Libri historiarum decem' originated. Among other things, this becomes apparent in the composition of the ten books. Furthermore, the Merovingian kingship is a recurring motive of the text. The paper illustrates how genealogy, which can be used to conceal disruptions and discontinuities, was instrumentalized to serve as legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Substrate specificity of proteases can be determined using several methods among which the most frequently used are positional scanning library, proteomics and phage display. Classic approaches can deliver information about preferences for natural amino acids in binding pockets of virtually all proteases. However, recent studies demonstrate the ability to obtain much more information by application of unnatural amino acids to positional scanning library approaches. This knowledge can be used for the design of more active and specific substrates, inhibitors and activity based probes. In this minireview we describe recent strategies and concepts for the design and application of fluorogenic substrates library tailored for exopeptidases and endopeptidases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sulfides are an important group of minerals. As a geochemical tracer, the sulfur isotope fractionation in sulfides can be used to analyze the ore-forming process and the ore-forming material source. Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn are the first row transition metals, and pyrite (FeS2), cattierite (CoS2), vaesite (NiS2), and hauerite (MnS2) crystallize in the pyrite-type structure. However, there are few studies on the sulfur isotope fractionation in these disulfides. So studying the isotope fractionation between them provides the opportunity to examine the various members of a structural group in which only the metal atom is changed, thereby providing information that permits a systematic development of concepts regarding sulfur isotope fractionation in transition-metal disulfides. In the present paper, the sulfur isotope fractionation parameters for pyrite, cattierite, vaesite, and hauerite with the pyrite-type structure have been calculated using first-principles methods based on density functional theory in the temperature range of 0-1000 °C. The structure parameters of these four minerals and the vibration frequencies of pyrite are in good agreement with previous experimental values. The metal-sulfur distance increases in the order FeS2, CoS2, NiS2, and MnS2, the sulfur-sulfur distance decreases in the order FeS2, CoS2, MnS2, and NiS2, these two sequences agree with the experimental results. Our calculations show that the order of heavy isotope enrichment is pyrite > cattierite > vaesite > hauerite. It seems that the sulfur isotope fractionation in disulfides depends mainly on the metal-sulfur bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Artikel widmet sich zwei Passagen, in denen Figuren der Erzählung, Josephus in Bell. 5,362-419 und Gamaliel in Apg 5,12-42, davor warnen, gegen Gott zu kämpfen, und untersucht, was diese Texte über das Verständnis von göttlichem und menschlichem Handeln in der Geschichte aussagen. Im Falle von Josephus handelt es sich um eine dem Autor selbst zugeschriebene Rede, deren rhetorischer Kontext knapper behandelt werden kann, während die Deutung der Aussage Gamaliels umstrittener ist. Der Artikel weist auf, dass die Verwendung des Mittels der Ironie zu erkennen gibt, dass der implizite Autor zwar Gamaliels Sicht über die Vorsehung Gottes teilt, zugleich aber Gamaliels Antwort als unangemessen erachtet. Sowohl Bell. als auch Apg bekräftigen, dass es sich bei der göttlichen Vorsehung um eine unaufhaltbare Kraft handelt; sie berücksichtigen andererseits aber auch menschliches Handeln. Bezeichnenderweise hat die menschliche Wahl, sich auf die göttliche Vorsehung auszurichten oder sich ihr entgegenzustellen, bei beiden Autoren eschatologische Konsequenzen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing sources of sustainable and quality potable water in Uganda is a significant public health issue. This project aimed at identifying and prioritizing possible actions on how sustainable high quality potable water in Uganda's water supply systems could be achieved. In that respect, a review of both the current water supply systems and government programs on drinking water in Uganda was completed. Aspects of quantity, quality, treatment methods, infrastructure, storage and distribution of water for different water systems were evaluated and compared with the existing water supply systems in the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean, for purposes of generating feasible recommendations and opportunities for improvement. Uganda utilizes surface water, groundwater, and rainwater sources for consumption. Surface water covers 15.4% of the land area and serves both urban and rural populations. Lake Victoria contributes about 85% of the total fresh surface water. Potable water quality is negatively affected by the following factors: disposal of sewage and industrial effluents, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, and surface run-offs during heavy rains. The total renewable groundwater resources in Uganda are estimated to be 29 million m3/year with about 20,000 boreholes, 3000 shallow-wells and 200,000 springs, serving more than 80% of the rural and slum communities. Mean annual rainfall in Uganda ranges from 500 mm to 2500 mm. Groundwater and rainwater quality is mainly affected by poor sanitation and unhygienic practices. There are significant regional variations in the accessibility of potable water, with the Northeastern region having the least amount of potable water from all sources. Uganda still lags behind in potable water resource development. Priorities should be placed mainly on measures available for improvement of groundwater and rainwater resource utilization, protection of watersheds, health education, improved water treatment methods and distribution in rural areas, and pollution control and monitoring. Implementing these changes can promote potable water accessibility especially to the poor populations living in rural and urban slum areas because they comprise the majority (80%) of Uganda's population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I demonstrate that in two varieties of Mòcheno, a German dialect spoken by about 600 people in the Fersina valley (Trentino, Northern Italy), referential null subjects can be licensed in main, but not in embedded clauses. This particular root-embedded asymmetry, known as 'asymmetric pro-drop' (Benincà 1984), had until now been considered to be fully absent from modern Romance (Benincà 2006) and German varieties (cf. Volodina & Weiß 2012). Through an examination of Old High German, Old Italian and modern Romance varieties, I show that asymmetric pro-drop is not an innovation introduced by contact with modern Romance varieties, but must be considered a conservative feature of older German varieties that has probably been maintained because it is shared with older Romance varieties (cf. Benincà 1994). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarly research into the uses of social media has become a major area of growth in recent years, as the adoption of social media for public communication itself has continued apace. While social media platforms provide ready avenues for data access through their Application Programming interfaces, it is increasingly important to think through exactly what these data represent, and what conclusions about the role of social media in society the research which is based on such data therefore enables. This article explores these issues especially for one of the currently leading social media platforms: Twitter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure and non-linear optical properties of L-alaninium perrhenate, CHNO ReO, are reported. The protonated amino acid and the perrhenate anion have their usual geometries. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network can be seen as a stacking of layers parallel to the ( 100) planes. Each layer is formed by chains of alternating positive and negative ions along the b and c axes. Hydrogen bonding of adjacent layers forms alternating chains along the a axis. A high damage threshold and a second-harmonic generation efficiency three times that of KDP make this new material potentially useful in non-linear optics. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since crude oil and biomass differ in various properties, new primary fractionation methods of biomass, secondary conversion pathways and processes have to be developed. Biorefineries combine the necessary technologies of the biogenic raw materials with those of intermediates and final products. The chemical industry is experiencing a fundamental shift as cost competitive biobased platform chemicals become a commercial reality. The paper is focused on lignocellulosic feedstock and green biomass biorefinery concepts, which are favored in research, development and industrial implementation. The production of aromatic platform chemicals, such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and derivatives as well as aliphatic platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and formic acid is described. Futhermore, functional products, such as proteins and biotechnological produced platform chemicals are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MDM2 is an oncoprotein that blocks p53 tumor suppressor-mediated transcriptional transactivation, escorts p53 from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm, and polyubiquitylates p53. Polyubiquitylated p53 is rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm by the 26S proteasome. MDM2 is abnormally upregulated in several types of cancers, especially those of mesenchymal origin. MDM4 is a homolog of MDM2 that also inhibits p53 by blocking p53-mediated transactivation. MDM4 is required for MDM2-mediated polyubiquitylated of p53 and is abnormally upregulated in several cancer types. MDM2 and MDM4 genes have been detected in all vertebrates to date and only a single gene homolog, named MDM, has been detected in some invertebrates. MDM2, MDM4, and MDM have similar gene structures, suggesting that MDM2 and MDM4 arose through a duplication event more than 440 million years ago. All members of this small MDM2 gene family contain a single really interesting new gene (RING) domain (with the possible exception of lancelet MDM) which places them in the RING-domain superfamily. Similar to MDM2, the vast majority of proteins with RING domains are E3 ubiquitin ligases. Other RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases that target p53 are COP1, Pirh2, and MSL2. In this report, we present evidence that COP1, Pirh2, and MSL2 evolved independently of MDM2 and MDM4. We also show, through structure homology models of invertebrate MDM RING domains, that MDM2 is more evolutionarily conserved than MDM4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between protein-DNA are essential for various biological activities. In this review, we provide an overview of protein-DNA interactions that emphasizes the importance of dynamical aspects. We divide protein-DNA interactions into two categories: nonspecific and specific and both the categories would be discussed highlighting some of our relevant work. In the case of nonspecific protein-DNA interaction, solvation studies (picosecond and femtosecond-resolved) explore the role environmental dynamics and change in the micropolarity around DNA molecules upon complexation with histone protein (H1). While exploring the specific protein-DNA interaction at λ-repressor-operator sites interaction, particularly OR1 and OR2, it was observed that the interfacial water dynamics is minimally perturbed upon interaction with DNA, suggesting the labile interface in the protein-DNA complex. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) study revealed that the structure of the protein is more compact in repressor-OR2 complex than in the repressor-OR1 complex. Fluorescence anisotropy studies indicated enhanced flexibility of the C-terminal domain of the repressor at fast timescales after complex formation with OR1. The enhanced flexibility and different conformation of the C-terminal domain of the repressor upon complexation with OR1 DNA compared to OR2 DNA were found to have pronounced effect on the rate of photoinduced electron transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a multicenter cross-sectional survey of 2,500 Bulgarian adult patients taking lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) for at least 3 months with no dose change for a minimum of 6 weeks. The primary objective was to establish the proportion of patients who are on LDL-C target, according to the Fourth Joint European Task Force (FJETF) guidelines. The secondary objectives were to define the proportion of patients at target: according to the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III and the 2004 NCEP ATP III guidelines. The patients' demographics, current LLD treatment, cardiovascular medical history were recorded. Next the lipid profile, glucose level and HbA1c were obtained from these patients. The investigators and patients completed questionnaires related to the LLD therapy. Gender, BMI, history of CHD, therapy compliance, risk category, lack of patient's awareness of LDL-C targets were all studied as determinants of the undertreatment. Despite the satisfactory awareness of guidelines for management of hypercholesterolaemia, their implementation in clinical practice is still poor. Only 43.10% of patients reached the FJETF-recommended LDL-C goal, 45.24% achieved the 2001 NCEP ATP III recommended LDL-C goal, and only 21.51% - reached the 2004 NCEP ATP III recommended target. Males, CHD patients and those who were aware of LDL-C targets had more chance of reaching their desired LDL-C target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a survey of on the religious life in different European countries. It says that publications during 2003-2008 in Roman Near East included studies on particular themes related to cults and religions, whereas larger and detailed studies on regions and cults were done during the period 2009-2011. It says that no major new studies of the religious life appeared during the period of the survey in Gaul or Great Britain.

The pleiotropic physiological functions of interleukin (IL-)6 type cytokines range from embryonic development and tissue homoeostasis to neuronal development and T cell differentiation. In contrast, imbalance of the well-controlled cytokine signaling network leads to chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. IL-6 and IL-11 both signal through a homodimer of the ubiquitously expressed β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Specificity is gained through an individual IL-6/IL-11 α-receptor, which does not directly participate in signal transduction, although the initial cytokine binding event to the α-receptor leads to the final complex formation with the β-receptors. Both cytokines activate the same downstream signaling pathways, which are predominantly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cascade and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway. However, recent studies have highlighted divergent roles of the two related cytokines. Here, we will discuss how the biochemical similarities are translated into unique and non-redundant functions of IL-6 and IL-11 in vivo and illustrate strategies for cytokine-specific therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Physical activity may protect from the adverse effects of obesity. In obese children, an increased adherence and a decreased drop-out rate during exercise could be achieved with adaptated activities. We studied a recreational 12-week controlled training program for sedentary obese children, including interactive video games. We enrolled 22 obese subjects (13.23±1.76 years) in an exercise program, implemented twice a week for a 12-week period. The program consisted of a combination of circuit-based aerobics, strength and resistance exercises; specifically soccer, rugby, volleyball and basketball and interactive video game exercises. Outcome measurements included body composition, metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness. During the 12-week training program there was a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) (p=0.002), SDS-BMI (p=0.003), waist circumference (p=0.004), waist circumference/height ratio (p=0.001),% fat mass (p=0.001), blood glucose (p=0.001), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.04), triglycerides (p=0.03) and systolic pressure (p=0.04) before and after exercise. Improvement in estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) (p<0.001) correlated with a decrease in fat mass (p=0.01), triglycerides (p=0.04) and insulin resistance (p=0.02). Exercise improved metabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese children. Exercise training does not necessarily need to be vigorous, recreational programs are also effective and may encourage children to participate in physical activity and limit initial drop-out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequence of rational integers is said to be a divisibility sequence if whenever . If the divisibility sequence also satisfies a linear recurrence relation of order k, it is said to be a linear divisibility sequence. The best known example of a linear divisibility sequence of order 2 is the Lucas sequence , one particular instance of which is the famous Fibonacci sequence. In their extension of the Lucas functions to order 4 linear recursions, Williams and Guy showed that the order 4 analog of can have no more than two ranks of apparition for a given prime p and frequently has two such ranks, unlike the situation for , which can only have one rank of apparition. In this paper we investigate the problem of finding those sequences which have only one rank of apparition for any prime p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the posthomous trial of Pope Formosus in 897 in Italy. It explores the social conditions in Italy during the period and the relationship between the Roman Empire and the Church. It describes how the body of Formosus was treated during the trial and how he was finally laid to rest. Further, the story on his papacy and his relationships with Roman leaders of the time are explored.

A bibliography on the subject of African studies is presented.

Dynamic DNA methylation is a prerequisite for many developmental processes and maintenance of cellular integrity. In mammals however, mechanisms of active DNA demethylation have for long been elusive. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of enzymes that oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) or 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) provided new means by which DNA methylation could actively be reversed. This review focuses on the possible mechanisms of DNA demethylation via Tet proteins and their metabolites 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC. Additionally, it discusses the roles of the three Tet protein family members Tet1, Tet2 and Tet3 as developmental regulators, probably in part independent of their enzymatic activity. By contrast, recent evidence suggests a function of 5hmC as an epigenetic mark on its own, going beyond the expectation of only acting as an intermediate in an active DNA demethylation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzene is a widespread, naturally occurring substance of environmental concern as systemic exposure in humans is proven to be carcinogenic. Dermal exposure is a common and significant route of systemic entry and percutaneous absorption is critical in exposure risk assessment. This article reviews the scientific principles, methodologies, and research behind the multiple steps of the percutaneous absorption of benzene in animals and man and the application of this information to optimize exposure risk assessments. A focus on occupational exposures to benzene is made with an exploration of the limitations of current preventative measures and hazard assessments. Finally, recommendations for future research to fill existing knowledge gaps are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteases recognize their endogenous substrates based largely on a sequence of proteinogenic amino acids that surrounds the cleavage site. Currently, several methods are available to determine protease substrate specificity based on approaches employing proteinogenic amino acids. The knowledge about the specificity of proteases can be significantly extended by application of structurally diverse families of non-proteinogenic amino acids. From a chemical point of view, this information may be used to design specific substrates, inhibitors, or activity-based probes, while biological functions of proteases, such as posttranslational modifications can also be investigated. In this review, we discuss current and prospective technologies for application of non-proteinogenic amino acids in protease substrate specificity profiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scavenger receptor (SR) super family consists of integral membrane glycoproteins that are involved in recognition of polyanionic structures of either endogenous (e.g., oxidized low-density lipoprotein) or exogenous (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharides) origin. SRs are structurally diverse and can be classified into seven different classes (A-G) based on the multidomain structure of the individual members. SRs are present on various types of tissues, such as vascular, adipose, and steroidogenic tissues. In addition to modified lipoprotein uptake, these proteins are also known to regulate apoptotic cell clearance, initiate signal transduction, and serve as pattern recognition receptors for pathogens. Different SRs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes; more importantly, the function of SRs is highly implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Targeting the SR gene products that mediate the response to and uptake of modified lipids holds great promise in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of SR expression using a combined gene therapy and RNA interference strategy also appears to be an option for long-term therapy. The present review focuses on the involvement of SRs in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the role of SRs is not restricted to vascular lesions; it is also implicated in a number of different cellular functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates (Finnish) classroom interaction and explores the displays of stance and the rules of emotion in this institutional multi-party setting. The main focus of the analysis is on teacher's imitation of students' talk. The starting point is to analyze stance as a situated practice in the sequential organization of interaction, in particular in sequences that contain criticism. Although it is quite common for teachers and students to criticize each other's activities during (pedagogic) interaction, criticism is treated more or less as a delicate issue. Participants deal with the emotional elements of criticism by using, for example, various prosodie practices, including prosodie imitation. Prosodie imitation is a frequent practice among students, but the teachers imitate students' turns quite rarely and only in specific sequential environments. Teachers repeat and imitate the prosodically marked students' answers that occur subsequent to teachers' critical comments on students' behavior, and the students' self-selected turns that mimic teacher-talk and convey implicit criticism in their prosody. With the help of these prosodie practices the participants are able to receive and deal with a critical stance without jeopardizing the norms, frameworks, and "rules of emotion" valid in this specific institutional setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that stanced digressions, or inserts, produced by speakers in the midst of extended (multi-unit) turns, are not primarily designed to get a response from the recipient(s). The paper shows that speakers employ various linguistic, prosodie, and embodied resources that make the digression recognizable as such, i.e., of subsidiary status in the talk, and therefore as not in need of a response. A lack of response is treated as unproblematic by both the digression speaker and by the recipients, as both parties primarily orient to the turn as a multi-unit turn still in progress. The paper first examines audio data and keeps the linguistic format relatively constant, by focusing on inserts prefaced by I guess and consisting of explicitly evaluative or epistemic material. It subsequently opens up the analysis to video data and also to other kinds of stanced digressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) form when proteins are heated with reducing sugars. Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), as one of the common AGEs studied in consumed foods, was determined by HPLC-MS/MS in this experiment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of forming CML incubated by different heat treatments in saccharide - lysine model systems. Different heating treatment such as water heating (W- heating), drying oven heating (D- heating) and microwave heating (M- heating) in saccharide-lysine model systems can affect the production of CML. M-heating method showed higher formation of CML capacity than W-heating method and D-heating method. The higher temperature and higher molar ratio of saccharide to lysine can increase the CML content. The order of reactivity for the formation of CML was lactose > glucose > sucrose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kallikrein 14 (KLK14) has been proposed as a useful prognostic marker in prostate cancer, with expression reported to be associated with tumour characteristics such as higher stage and Gleason score. KLK14 tumour expression has also shown the potential to predict prostate cancer patients at risk of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The KLKs are a remarkably hormone-responsive family of genes, although detailed studies of androgen regulation of KLK14 in prostate cancer have not been undertaken to date. Using in vitro studies, we have demonstrated that unlike many other prostatic KLK genes that are strictly androgen responsive, KLK14 is more broadly expressed and inversely androgen regulated in prostate cancer cells. Given these results and evidence that KLK14 may play a role in prostate cancer prognosis, we also investigated whether common genetic variants in the KLK14 locus are associated with risk and/or aggressiveness of prostate cancer in approximately 1200 prostate cancer cases and 1300 male controls. Of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms assessed, three were associated with higher Gleason score (≥7): rs17728459 and rs4802765, both located upstream of KLK14, and rs35287116, which encodes a p.Gln33Arg substitution in the KLK14 signal peptide region. Our findings provide further support for KLK14 as a marker of prognosis in prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An author and personalities index for the 2011 issue of the "International African Bibliography" is presented.