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Van Neck-Odelberg disease (VND) is a term used to describe ischiopubic osteochondritis, which typically presents with atraumatic unilateral groin pain. We performed a systematic review of the existing literature on reported cases of VND to collate what is already known. We also present a new case of VND to add to the relatively small body of literature on the topic. A systematic literature review was performed in July 2024 of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases using the MeSH terms "van Neck Odelberg" to identify published articles. Inclusion criterion was defined as articles that provide individual details on cases of VND. Literature reviews without individual case details were excluded. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts according to relevance and content. A total of 16 case reports and four case series were included in the final review, excluding our own case presentation. This review included 43 cases of VND (28 males and 15 females). There was no significant difference in average age of presentation between males and females. Majority of VND cases presented with unilateral pain (n=37), mainly in the groin (n=25) and typically non-radiating (n=18). Pain associated with VND most commonly occurred on the side of the non-dominant lower limb (n=8). Review findings demonstrated a common pattern of features associated with the presentation of VND, which included unilateral non-radiating groin pain occurring on the side of the non-dominant lower limb. Our case of a nine-year-old, left-foot dominant, boy who presented with atraumatic right-sided groin pain was in keeping with others reported from our review. MRI confirmed the diagnosis of VND in our case; repeat MRI after a period of activity modification and use of non-steroidal analgesics showed improvement in radiological appearance, and the patient showed improvement in function., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sahu et al.)

Background Dietary habits play a significant role in the rising prevalence of oral health disorders, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases, particularly in regions like Pakistan with distinct dietary customs. Objective The primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Asian food on the prevalence of oral diseases, with a focus on identifying specific dietary factors that contribute to oral health issues. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out in Lahore between February and July 2024. The sample consisted of 384 adults aged 18 and above, selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing dietary habits and clinical examinations to diagnose oral diseases. Statistical analyses (SPSS version 26: (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), including correlation, regression, and Chi-Square, were used to evaluate the relationships between dietary patterns and oral health indicators. Results The study revealed significant correlations between dietary habits and oral disease prevalence. Among the 384 patients, 287 (74.74%) patients reported high sugar consumption, with a mean frequency of 3.26 times per week, correlating strongly with oral diseases (r=0.45, p<0.01). This group exhibited 179 patients (46.60%) with dental caries and 153 patients (39.58%) with periodontal conditions. Additionally, 262 patients (68.32%) with high carbohydrate intake, averaging 4.14 times per week, showed a moderate positive correlation with oral disease prevalence (r=0.32, p<0.05). Conversely, 193 patients (50.26%) who consumed fruits and vegetables with a mean frequency of 2.51 times per week demonstrated a significant negative correlation with oral disease prevalence (r=-0.40, p<0.01), indicating a protective effect. High sugar intake was associated with greater severity of oral diseases, with mean severity scores of 3.12 for dental caries and 3.20 for periodontal conditions. Conclusion The results show that although consuming more fruits and vegetables has a preventive effect, traditional Pakistani dietary practices, particularly excessive sugar and carbohydrate consumption, are associated with an increased incidence of oral illness., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board of Lahore Medical and Dental College issued approval LM&DC: 18674-75/2024. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Rafiq et al.)

Introduction Obesity, a complex and multifactorial disease, is defined by a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m². When the BMI exceeds 40 kg/m², it is classified as morbid obesity. This condition leads to excessive fat accumulation, which impairs normal body function and metabolism. For individuals grappling with morbid obesity and those who have faced significant hurdles in their quest for substantial weight loss, bariatric surgery emerges as a vital option. Purpose The study aims to explore the dynamics of bariatric surgical tourism in Pakistan, shedding light on factors influencing the choice of Pakistan as a destination for bariatric tourism. Materials and methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were gathered from the medical records database, including all patients who had undergone bariatric surgery from 2018 until 2022. The data collection process involved comprehensive patient outreach, where investigators conducted phone interviews and collected patient satisfaction assessments. During these phone interviews, valuable information was gathered by posing questions. These inquiries encompassed various aspects, including the patient's overall satisfaction with the surgical experience, their countries of origin, the specific bariatric procedures they underwent, the motivating factors behind their decision to travel abroad for surgery, their postoperative follow-up routines, and any complications they may have encountered. Results One hundred and nine patients traveled to Pakistan for bariatric surgery from 2018 to 2022. Out of 109 patients, 78 responded to the questionnaire by phone or email. The proforma was filled by 41 (52.5%) males and 37 (47.5%) females. Forty-seven (60.2%) of these patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 31 (39.8%) patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Out of 78 bariatric patients, 72 (92.3%) were satisfied with their surgery, five patients (6.4%) were neutral in their response and one patient (1.3%) was dissatisfied with the surgery. Most of the patients (26, 33.3%) declared money as the main driving force for traveling, with long waiting times being the close second reason (19, 24.36%) patients. Conclusion At least 2% of worldwide bariatric procedures are provided for medical tourists. Countries such as Mexico, India, Lebanon, and Romania dominate as providers for patients mainly from the USA, UK, and Germany. The lack of affordable bariatric healthcare and long waiting lists are some of the reasons for patients choosing bariatric tourism. The 92.3% satisfaction rate of patients with the surgery and its outcomes is a significant finding, as it suggests that bariatric surgery services provided in Pakistan are meeting or exceeding the expectations of international patients. The exceptionally high level of patient satisfaction speaks to the quality of care provided by the medical institutions in Pakistan. The data and analysis presented in this study shed light on the motivations and experiences of international patients traveling to Pakistan for bariatric surgery. These insights are invaluable for healthcare providers, policymakers, and the medical tourism industry as they seek to enhance the accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare services for domestic and international patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Bashir et al.)