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Background  The first-line imaging for low to medium-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with stable chest pain is often a matter of debate. Chest pain is the second most common presentation to the emergency department. Non-invasive imaging has been useful in assisting in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.  Aim  The aim of this study is to compare outcomes of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Nuclear Perfusion Stress and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) performed in low to medium-risk patients and how they led to prolonged hospitalization and downstream testing. Materials and methods A total of 519 patients were selected for chart review using the following criteria: admitted for chest pain and older than 18 years of age. Those who presented with STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) or non-(N)STEMI were excluded. Among these patients, four patients were excluded since their initial test was neither a CCTA nor SPECT Nuclear (NM) Perfusion Stress test. Another 30 patients were excluded based on HEART score (a clinical tool to stratify the risk of major adverse cardiac events) >7 and 111 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 were excluded. A total of 374 patients underwent analysis. Results Univariate data analysis of 374 patients demonstrated a higher percentage of patients with HEART scores 0-3 underwent CCTA (51.6% vs. 31.8% p=0.0250) when compared to patients with SPECT NM perfusion. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the difference in length of stay between SPECT NM perfusion stress and CCTA was significant, patients with the CCTA test were less likely to have a length of stay ≥24 hours (odds ratio {OR}=0.41, p=0.0465) compared to patients with NM perfusion stress test. Conclusion This retrospective cohort study demonstrated that patients who underwent CCTA upon chest pain admission were more likely to have a decreased length of stay time to less than 24 hours., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Alonso et al.)

Introduction As proven by many previous studies, physical inactivity is associated with many diseases, including heart conditions and cancer. The elimination of physical inactivity helps increase life expectancy and reduce morbidity. Nonadherence to exercise is a common problem faced by many people. The goal of this study was to determine the percentage of people in the Indian population who regularly exercise. We also assessed factors for nonadherence, motivating factors, and the intensity of exercise usually performed and explored any association between adherence to exercise and demographic factors. Materials and methods We conducted an anonymous questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study in an adult Indian population (participants were older than 18 years) from rural and urban areas having no contraindication to at least some form of voluntary exercise. Data were collected via email by sending a questionnaire, and an appropriate statistical methodology was used to derive the results. Results This study included 220 individuals older than 18 years, and most participants were aged 25 to 30 years (35.5%). Most participants (67.3%) were women, and 32.7% were men. Forty-one percent of the total population reported suffering from some medical condition. Nearly half (51.8%) of the subjects were involved in physical activity, and 48.2% were not involved in physical activity. The most common reason for not exercising was a lack of time followed by a lack of motivation. Maintenance of good health was the main reported benefit of physical exercise, with self-motivation being the main motivator. Low-intensity exercise was the preferred form of exercise for most of the participants; high-intensity exercise was preferred by younger participants, though less commonly than low-intensity exercise. Older participants (i.e., those aged > 40 years) preferred moderate-intensity exercise. Only half the study population were educated regarding physical activity by a healthcare professional. We found no statistically significant association between the presence of a medical condition, body mass index (BMI), or healthcare education and adherence to exercise. Conclusion The inclusion of exercise in a daily routine is one of the more important lifestyle changes advised for all ailments and for improvements in patient quality of life. Nearly half the Indian population does not exercise daily. Because we found no statistical significance between demographic factors, health conditions, BMI, or general healthcare education, an individualized education and exercise plan may help improve exercise adherence., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2019, Shettigar et al.)