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Introduction White spot lesions (WSLs) are opacities formed due to decalcification occurring in the enamel's subsurface layer. These lesions are most commonly seen in patients during and after fixed orthodontic treatment due to undisturbed accumulation of plaque. Other factors that can predispose to WSLs are enamel hypomineralization, hypomaturation, hypoplasia, and disruption in the levels of salivary calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate, and fluoride. Though these lesions produce aesthetic mishaps, they go unattended because of the lack of clinical knowledge in interpretation and diagnosis. Aim This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental professionals regarding the management of WSLs. Materials and methods Participants in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey included undergraduate practitioners, postgraduates, and specialists. Formulated in English, the questionnaire comprised 21 structured questions circulated through online media across India. Results The assessment of knowledge and awareness highlighted participants' understanding of WSL, underscoring fundamental knowledge shared across dental professionals. The attitudes toward WSL treatment showed a similar belief among participants, including undergraduate practitioners and specialists, regarding the necessity of treating WSL. Furthermore, the analysis of practice patterns revealed consistent diagnostic methods among dental professionals, with specialists showing slightly higher adherence to drying techniques for enhanced visibility. Statistical analysis Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with descriptive statistics presented in frequencies, percentages, and means. Comparisons were made across different categories of dental professionals to examine variations in responses and practices. Conclusion Because untreated WSL can progress into cavities, a thorough understanding of the etiology, clinical picture, and early diagnosis is crucial in planning the treatment and managing patients' aesthetic demands and the tooth's function., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Chettinad Academy of Research and Education's Institutional Human Ethics Committee of the Faculty Research (CARE IHEC -II) issued approval (IHEC-II/0287/22). Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Parthasarathy et al.)

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. Methodology A total of 96 single-rooted premolars were decoronated and obturated and post spaces were prepared for 9 mm. The canals were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by distilled water. The samples were divided into the two following groups based on the type of fiber posts used: Group I - glass fiber post (Reforpost size 1) and Group II: quartz fiber post (Quartzix Added Posts number 1). Further, each group was divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatments (A: no treatment (control); B: silanization; C: 4% titanium tetrafluoride (four minutes) followed by silanization; D: sandblasting followed by silanization). After surface treatments, posts were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). Three 2 mm thick slices were obtained and push-out tests were done. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. The surface morphology of the posts was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Results Treating the posts with airborne particle abrasion (sandblasting) followed by silanization showed the highest bond strength. The coronal level of the root showed the highest bond strength compared to the middle and apical levels. Adhesive failures between the resin cement and dentin were found to be the highest. Conclusions Sandblasting followed by silanization produced the highest bond strength. The coronal level of the root showed the highest bond strength. Adhesive failures were the highest followed by mixed failures., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Karunakaran et al.)

Aim This study aimed to assess and compare the mechanical properties, including compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture resistance, microhardness, and microleakage, between Cention N (Ivoclar Vivadent, Gurugram, India) and Cention N enriched with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles. Methodology A total of 120 samples were involved in the study, which were split into two experimental groups. For evaluation of each mechanical property, 20 samples were included, of which 10 samples were used for evaluating the properties of Cention N and 10 samples were used for TiO 2  nanoparticles-enriched Cention N. Samples, formed using Teflon molds, were filled with Cention N and TiO 2 -enriched Cention N powders mixed per the manufacturer's instructions. The universal testing machine (UTM) was used to assess compressive, flexural, diametral tensile strength, and fracture resistance. Microhardness was evaluated using a diamond indenter, while microleakage was examined utilizing a stereomicroscope. Results The nanotitania-enriched Cention N showed significantly increased mechanical properties and increased microhardness with the least microleakage. Conclusion The inclusion of TiO 2 in Cention N has proved to yield promising results., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Irudayaraj et al.)