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Purpose To assess ophthalmologists' preparedness in such a critical period in the history of pandemics, a logical socio-psychological framework assessment using the health belief model (HBM) is essential to evaluate their risk perception, their willingness to actively participate in engaging in protective health behavior and acknowledge its benefits, and their capability to perform adequate successful methods for limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and overcome the barriers they might encounter while implementing such precautions. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital using a questionnaire-based (HBM) was distributed to 135 ophthalmologists in the institute to evaluate their risk perception of COVID-19 and determine which components of the HBM contribute to preventive health behavior related to the COVID-19 infection. Results The questionnaire had a reasonable response rate (79.3%, 107 ophthalmologists, including 48 consultants, 51 fellows, and 36 residents). The study demonstrated that this model is useful and mapped how several components were significantly correlated to actions. Most significantly, perceived susceptibility was the most important predictor of action. The second most important determinant of action was the perceived benefit. Conclusion Pandemics such as COVID-19 are likely to happen again in the future. Explicit attention to factors influencing motivation such as threat perception to adopt appropriate health-related behavior to limit the spread of communicable diseases is necessary. This study has successfully represented preparedness and risk behavior perception of ophthalmologists of the novel COVID-19 pandemic in one of the largest tertiary eye hospitals in the Middle East using the Health Belief Model., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Almazyad et al.)