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Purpose: Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting nervous system. CAG trinucleotide repeat (TNR) increase in Huntingtin gene causes the disease. In normal individuals, 10-35 TNRs are found whereas in HD this number exceeds 36-37. This study aimed to investigate TNR numbers in individuals with HD diagnosed family and to provide genetic counselling for individuals with abnormal alleles. Material and Methods: Subjects consist of family members of a male who died at age of 60 due to HD. Randomly selected 57 healthy individuals are also analysed for control. TNR numbers were determined by fragment analysis. Results: TNR numbers of family members were determined as 17, 21, 23, 25, 33, 36 and 39. TNR numbers of randomly selected healthy people were found below 26. Individuals with 33 and 36 TNRs were considered as risk groups. Individuals with 39 TNRs were considered as HD patients. Conclusion: Since some subjects had 39 TNRs, it was emphasized that these people should be under physician control. Prenatal diagnosis is recommended to those who plan to have children. In addition, subjects with 33 and 36 CAG trinucleotide repeats are advised to inform new generations about HD and that they may be affected in future. Cukurova University Research Fund. Project no: TF2013BAP4

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Resim-İş Eğitimi özel yetenek sınavına giren adayların el anatomisinin (parmak uzunlukları, el bileği çap, çevre ve hareket genişliği ölçümleri) desen sınavında aldıkları puan ile ilişkisi olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Türkiye’deki bir üniversitenin Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Resim-İş Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı Özel Yetenek Sınavı’na giren adaylar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin dijital kaliper, esnek olmayan mezura ve dijital inklinometre kullanılarak parmak uzunlukları, el bileği çapı, çevresi ve hareket genişlikleri ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 18-25 yaş arası 161 öğrenci (60 erkek, 101 kız öğrenci) dahil edilmiştir. Desen sınavında elli ve üzerinde puan alan 49 kız, 35 erkek öğrenci, kırk dokuz ve altında puan alan 52 kız, 25 erkek öğrenci bulunmaktadır. Çizim başarısı puanı elli ve üzerinde olan ile kırk dokuz ve altında olanların antropometrik özellikleri karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark elde edilememiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, çizim becerisine etki eden pek çok unsurun olduğu ve tek başına antropometrik standartlarla çizim başarısı arasındaki ilişkinin ifade edilmesinin zor olduğunu göstermiştir. Purpose: The research aims to determine whether there is a statistically significant relation between the drawing exam scores got by candidates entering the special aptitude exams in the Fine Arts Education and their hand anatomy (phalange lengths, carpus diameter, circumference and width of motion measurements) or not. Materials and Methods: This study includes the candidates who entered Special Aptitude Exams organized by Department of Fine Arts Education, Faculty of Education of a university in Turkey. Phalanges length, wrist diameter, circumference and motion width were measured using digital caliper, inflexible scales and digital inclinometer. Results: In our study, 161 students (60 boys, 101 girls) aged 18-25 years were included. There are 49 female and 35 male students who score fifty or more in the drawing examination and 52 female and 25 male students with scores of forty-nine and under in this study. A significant difference was not obtained when the anthropometric features of those who were fifty or more and those who were below forty-nine were below the drawing achievement score. Conclusion: This study has revealed that there are many factors that influence the drawing skill. Also reached the conclusion that it is difficult to say that the effect of drawing on the success of the single anthropometric standards.

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the morphometry of internal acoustic meatus in healthy Turkish population aged between 18-60 years.Materials and Methods: This study which was a retrospective study, was carried out from the 142 healthy adult subjects (59 females; 83 males) aged 18-60 years. Subjects had undergone routine test in the Radiology Department. Results: The groups were divided into four groups according to age. The overall means of the measurements were: the internal acoustic meatus length 9.71 mm (R) and 9.92 mm (L); the internal acoustic meatus width 3.97 mm (R) and 3.95 mm (L); the internal acoustic meatus height 4.65 mm (R) and 4.66 mm (L) in females, respectively. The same dimensions were found 9.61 mm (R) and 9.87 mm (L); 4.18 mm (R) and 4.15 mm (L); 5.13 ±0.85 mm (R) and 5.13±0.90 mm (L) in males, respectively. Also, the ratio of IAM’width to height was calculated 0.860±0.125 and 0.825±0.137 in females and males in right side, respectively whereas in left side the corresponding value was 0.855±0.125 and 0.820±0.142 in females and males, respectively.Conclusion: Knowledge of the normal dimensions of the internal acoustic meatus is more important for determination of the clinical and tumor processes., Amaç: Bu çalışma 18-60 yaş arası sağlıklı Türk popülasyonunda meatus acusticus internus morfometrisini belirlemek amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yaşları 18-60 arasında değişen yüz kırk iki sağlıklı yetişkin kişilerle (59 kadın, 83 erkek) yürütülen bu çalışma retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya katılan kişiler Radioloji bölümüne rutin test yaptırmak için gelen kişilerdi. Bulgular: Gruplar yaşa göre 4 gruba ayrıldı. Bütün ölçümlerin ortalamaları kadınlarda sırasıyla meatus acusticus internus uzunluğu 9,71 mm (sağ) ve 9,92 mm (sol); meatus acusticus internus genişliği 3,97 mm (sağ) ve 3,95 mm (sol); meatus acusticus internus yükseklik 4,65 mm (sağ) ve 4,66 mm (sol) iken aynı ölçümler erkeklerde sırasıyla 9,61 mm (sağ) ve 9,87 mm (sol); 4,18 mm (sağ) ve 4,15 mm (sol); 5,13 ±0,85 mm (sağ) ve 5,13±0,90 mm (sol) olarak bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda, sağ tarafta meatus acusticus internus genişliğinin yüksekliğe oranı kadınlarda ve erkeklerde sırasıyla 0.860±0.125 ve 0.825±0.137 olarak hesaplanırken, aynı ölçümler sol tarafta kadınlarda ve erkeklerde sırasıyla 0.855±0.125, ve 0.820±0.142 olarak bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Meatus acusticus internus’un normal değerlerinin bilinmesi klinik ve tümör gelişiminin değerlendirilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to document the characteristics of ventral neck flexor muscle endurance (NMFE) and compare the endurance time to some anthropometric measurements due to genders in healthy young adult population. Materials and Methods: Measurements were taken from 185 medical students (104 males - 81 females) aged between 18-22yrs. Neck flexor (NF) endurance was measured with clinic endurance test, CROM (cervical range of motion) and head posture measurements were taken with CROM device and cervical physical performance was determined with progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation test (PILE). Neck pain and disability level were evaluated with the neck disability index (NDI). Results: Cervical range of motion and the NDI score were found significantly higher in females than in males. When the activity level increased, endurance time and PILE test components increased, however there was a weak correlation between endurance time and ROMs. Finally, it was observed that there was a relationship between NF muscle endurance and the NDI, range of motion (ROM), physical performance - activity level and lifestyle. Conclusion: It could provide important information to performance and endurance exercise studies program. Also, they may be helpful to assign patients to appropriate and most beneficial treatment programs, as well as to develop specific programs.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the sutural patency morphology and morphometry of sutura coronalis, sutura sagittalis and sutura lambdoidea. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 17 Anatolian dry skulls with unknown sex and age were analyzed for sutural patency (Grade 0, 1, 2, 3, 4), and then, sutura cranii lengths were measured with sliding caliper. Results: In the present study, sutura coronalis was observed as Grade 0 with 0%, Grade 1 with 67.85%, Grade 2 with 3.57%, Grade 3 and 4 with 14.28%; sutura sagittalis was observed as Grade 0 with 0%, Grade 1 with 53.57, Grade 2 and 3 with 14.28%, Grade 4 with 17.85%; sutura lambdoidea was observed as Grade 0 with 0%, Grade 1 with 60.71%, Grade 2 with 14.28%, Grade 3 with 0%, Grade 4 with 7.14%. The lengths of sutura coronalis, sutura sagittalis and sutura lambdoidea were found as 116.80±7.70 mm, 106.59±7.18 mm, 109.05±6.76 mm, respectively. Conclusion: This study results will make contributions to literature data especially for anatomy, anthropology, osteopathic medicine researchers.

Purpose: The present study was aimed to analyze morphometric measurements of lower extremity dimensions in healthy females wearing and non-wearing high heeled shoes with narrow toe box.Materials and Methods: Lower extremity length measurements were taken from 121 healthy adult females (64 females non-wearing high heel shoes with narrow toe box, 57 females wearing high heeled shoes with narrow toe box) aged 20 to 40 years using an anthropometer and caliper. Additionally, demographic data (age, height, weight and body mass index-BMI) were taken and tibia-femur ratio (the ratio between tibia length and femur length-T/F) were calculated. Results: The mean values of Tibia - femur length ratio were found as 0.9087±0.038 (right) and 0.9088±0.036 (left) in females wearing high heeled shoes with narrow toe box, whereas the same values were established as 0.9128±0.035 (right) and 0.9157±0.032 (left) in females non-wearing high heeled shoes with narrow toe box. Furthermore, 53.12% of females non-wearing high heeled shoes with narrow toe box suffer from foot, knee and back pain, whereas 78.94% of females wearing shoes with narrow toe box suffer from foot, knee and back pain. Conclusion: The observations presented in this report have defined anatomic parameters and morphometric changes that need to be taken into consideration when wearing narrow high heeled shoes and shoes having wide toe box in females., Amaç: Bu çalışma dar burunlu yüksek topuklu ayakkabı giyen ve giymeyen yetişkin sağlıklı kadınlarda alt ekstremite ile ilgili morfometrik ölçümleri analiz etmek için yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Alt ekstremite uzunluk ölçümleri yaşları 20 ile 40 arası 121 yetişkin sağlıklı (geniş burunlu ayakkabı giyen 64 kadın; dar yüksek topuklu ayakkabı giyen 57 kadın) kadından antropometre ve kaliper kullanılarak yapıldı. Ayrıca, demografik veriler (yaş, vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, vücut kitle indeksi-BKI) alındı ve tibia-femur oranı hesaplandı. Bulgular: Dar burunlu yüksek topuklu ayakkabı giyen kadınlarda tibia’nın femur uzunluğuna oranı 0.9087±0.038 (sağ) ve 0.9088±0.036 (sol) iken, dar burunlu yüksek topuklu ayakkabı giymeyen kadınlarda aynı ölçümler sırasıyla 0.9128±0.035 (sağ) ve 0.9157±0.032 (sol) olarak hesaplandı. Son olarak, dar burunlu yüksek topuklu ayakkabı giymeyen kadınların %53.12’i ayak, diz ve bel ağrısı çekerken, dar burunlu yüksek topuklu ayakkabı giyen kadınların %78.94’si ayak, diz ve bel ağrısı problemi yaşamaktadır.Sonuç: Çalışmada elde edilen değerler, kadın populasyonunda dar burunlu yüksek topuklu ayakkabı ve geniş burunlu ayakkabı giyildiğinde dikkat edilmesi gereken anatomik parametreleri ve morfometrik değişimleri içermektedir.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of alternative point exercises applied to ballet students. Materials and Methods: This study included ballet students who have studied full time and have not started point in Cukurova University State Conservatory Ballet Main Art Branch. Alternative exercises were enforced with the specified instruments to the half of these students for six months and this group was designated as the experimental group and the other half as the control group. Alternative exercises were made for students outside the ballet curriculum and used devices are superior arch foot stretcher and elgin archxerciser foot strengthening device. Results: In this study 5 female students with standard training average age of 10.9 ± 0.1, body mass index of 16.78 ± 0.92 and 5 female students with alternative training average of 10.2 ± 0.44, body mass index of 15.76 ± 1.5 kg/m2 were compared. At the end of six months of training, significant differences were found in right, left eversion muscle strength, right hip internal rotation muscle strength and foot plantar flexion range of motion. Conclusion: Similar results were obtained in the measured values before and after of the six months training. Statistical difference was not observed because of the small number of participants but the results of those with alternative training showed a positive increase. New studies with greater sample size may provide clearer results