Search

Purpose: This paper explored how investors in PSX and PMEX make investment decisions that either contribute to the success of PSX and PMEX or seem irrational to them because of the same behavioral factors. Design/Methodology/Approach: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan. This research will select Stock Broker's Individual Investors in PSX and PMEX to be the unit of analysis for the research of heuristic components. Findings: The analysis of this qualitative research explored that investor in this study use behavioral factors to make their investment decision making, but not have negative experiences using these heuristics. However, their experiences suggest that investors tend to rely on past information from companies which shows that representative heuristic effect investors decision making as well as availability heuristic in investment decision making make investors to take decision irrationally by listening to rumors and tips from broker, friends and family. Implications/Originality/Value: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan

Purpose: This paper explored how investors in PSX and PMEX make investment decisions that either contribute to the success of PSX and PMEX or seem irrational to them because of the same behavioral factors. Design/Methodology/Approach: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan. This research will select Stock Broker's Individual Investors in PSX and PMEX to be the unit of analysis for the research of heuristic components. Findings: The analysis of this qualitative research explored that investor in this study use behavioral factors to make their investment decision making, but not have negative experiences using these heuristics. However, their experiences suggest that investors tend to rely on past information from companies which shows that representative heuristic effect investors decision making as well as availability heuristic in investment decision making make investors to take decision irrationally by listening to rumors and tips from broker, friends and family. Implications/Originality/Value: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan

Purpose: This paper explored how investors in PSX and PMEX make investment decisions that either contribute to the success of PSX and PMEX or seem irrational to them because of the same behavioral factors. Design/Methodology/Approach: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan. This research will select Stock Broker's Individual Investors in PSX and PMEX to be the unit of analysis for the research of heuristic components. Findings: The analysis of this qualitative research explored that investor in this study use behavioral factors to make their investment decision making, but not have negative experiences using these heuristics. However, their experiences suggest that investors tend to rely on past information from companies which shows that representative heuristic effect investors decision making as well as availability heuristic in investment decision making make investors to take decision irrationally by listening to rumors and tips from broker, friends and family. Implications/Originality/Value: This qualitative study is aiming at the examination of new features in behavioral finance by shedding light on the representative bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias as they relate to decision making among individual investors in Pakistan

Purpose: The Pakistan Stock Exchange is a medium for investment in Pakistan financial markets as well as in an international market and give an opportunity to investors in Pakistan to trade shares and contracts through brokers. This research investigates the behavioral factors that influence decision making of investors in PSX that contribute towards the success of PSX and as well as sometimes due to these factors make investment decision making of investors irrational. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data analysis of the research is from use of the quantitative method using Smart PLS 4 using Partial Least Square by utilizing non probability convenience sampling through PSX brokers. Findings: Findings of the research shows that Availability Heuristic, Representative Heuristic, Price Anchoring and Overconfidence heuristic have their influence on individual investor’s decision making at PSX. Implications/Originality/Value: The study discovered that these psychological factors AH, RH, PAH and OCH influence the decision making of Pakistani investor. In the future, investors will need to recognize and understand how these psychological factors may affect their decision-making. By increasing awareness, investors may be able to strengthen the rationality of their investment decisions and, consequently, the efficiency of the market. It's also critical to comprehend how investors make decisions in different geographic and demographic contexts.

Purpose: The Pakistan Stock Exchange is a medium for investment in Pakistan financial markets as well as in an international market and give an opportunity to investors in Pakistan to trade shares and contracts through brokers. This research investigates the behavioral factors that influence decision making of investors in PSX that contribute towards the success of PSX and as well as sometimes due to these factors make investment decision making of investors irrational. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data analysis of the research is from use of the quantitative method using Smart PLS 4 using Partial Least Square by utilizing non probability convenience sampling through PSX brokers. Findings: Findings of the research shows that Availability Heuristic, Representative Heuristic, Price Anchoring and Overconfidence heuristic have their influence on individual investor’s decision making at PSX. Implications/Originality/Value: The study discovered that these psychological factors AH, RH, PAH and OCH influence the decision making of Pakistani investor. In the future, investors will need to recognize and understand how these psychological factors may affect their decision-making. By increasing awareness, investors may be able to strengthen the rationality of their investment decisions and, consequently, the efficiency of the market. It's also critical to comprehend how investors make decisions in different geographic and demographic contexts.

Purpose: The Pakistan Stock Exchange is a medium for investment in Pakistan financial markets as well as in an international market and give an opportunity to investors in Pakistan to trade shares and contracts through brokers. This research investigates the behavioral factors that influence decision making of investors in PSX that contribute towards the success of PSX and as well as sometimes due to these factors make investment decision making of investors irrational. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data analysis of the research is from use of the quantitative method using Smart PLS 4 using Partial Least Square by utilizing non probability convenience sampling through PSX brokers. Findings: Findings of the research shows that Availability Heuristic, Representative Heuristic, Price Anchoring and Overconfidence heuristic have their influence on individual investor’s decision making at PSX. Implications/Originality/Value: The study discovered that these psychological factors AH, RH, PAH and OCH influence the decision making of Pakistani investor. In the future, investors will need to recognize and understand how these psychological factors may affect their decision-making. By increasing awareness, investors may be able to strengthen the rationality of their investment decisions and, consequently, the efficiency of the market. It's also critical to comprehend how investors make decisions in different geographic and demographic contexts.

Purpose: The study aims to identify the risk factors that are associated with the housing projects in Pakistan based on their relative importance. Moreover, this study intends to highlight the extreme, high and low risks that are involved in housing projects. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts the quantitative research method and conducted a survey through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The study has collected 168 responses from the project managers, contractors, designers and consultants of housing projects in Pakistan. In order to examine the relative importance of the risk, the study has applied the Relative Importance Index (RII) method to analyse the risks. Findings: The results of the study depict that there are five extreme risks, ten high risks and 13 low risks which may contribute harm the sustainability of the housing projects. Moreover, all the critical risk factors have high probability of occurrence and extreme impact on the sustainability of the housing projects in Pakistan. Implications/Originality/Value: The practitioners are recommended to develop such projects that should not damage the ecology of the region in which they are located. Also the land should be determined on the basis of sociological and environmental consideration and not on land value alone.

Purpose: The study aims to identify the risk factors that are associated with the housing projects in Pakistan based on their relative importance. Moreover, this study intends to highlight the extreme, high and low risks that are involved in housing projects. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts the quantitative research method and conducted a survey through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The study has collected 168 responses from the project managers, contractors, designers and consultants of housing projects in Pakistan. In order to examine the relative importance of the risk, the study has applied the Relative Importance Index (RII) method to analyse the risks. Findings: The results of the study depict that there are five extreme risks, ten high risks and 13 low risks which may contribute harm the sustainability of the housing projects. Moreover, all the critical risk factors have high probability of occurrence and extreme impact on the sustainability of the housing projects in Pakistan. Implications/Originality/Value: The practitioners are recommended to develop such projects that should not damage the ecology of the region in which they are located. Also the land should be determined on the basis of sociological and environmental consideration and not on land value alone.

Purpose: The study aims to identify the risk factors that are associated with the housing projects in Pakistan based on their relative importance. Moreover, this study intends to highlight the extreme, high and low risks that are involved in housing projects. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts the quantitative research method and conducted a survey through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The study has collected 168 responses from the project managers, contractors, designers and consultants of housing projects in Pakistan. In order to examine the relative importance of the risk, the study has applied the Relative Importance Index (RII) method to analyse the risks. Findings: The results of the study depict that there are five extreme risks, ten high risks and 13 low risks which may contribute harm the sustainability of the housing projects. Moreover, all the critical risk factors have high probability of occurrence and extreme impact on the sustainability of the housing projects in Pakistan. Implications/Originality/Value: The practitioners are recommended to develop such projects that should not damage the ecology of the region in which they are located. Also the land should be determined on the basis of sociological and environmental consideration and not on land value alone.

Purpose: The study aims to identify the risk factors that are associated with the housing projects in Pakistan based on their relative importance. Moreover, this study intends to highlight the extreme, high and low risks that are involved in housing projects. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopts the quantitative research method and conducted a survey through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The study has collected 168 responses from the project managers, contractors, designers and consultants of housing projects in Pakistan. In order to examine the relative importance of the risk, the study has applied the Relative Importance Index (RII) method to analyse the risks. Findings: The results of the study depict that there are five extreme risks, ten high risks and 13 low risks which may contribute harm the sustainability of the housing projects. Moreover, all the critical risk factors have high probability of occurrence and extreme impact on the sustainability of the housing projects in Pakistan. Implications/Originality/Value: The practitioners are recommended to develop such projects that should not damage the ecology of the region in which they are located. Also the land should be determined on the basis of sociological and environmental consideration and not on land value alone.

Purpose: The article covers the prospects, challenges and criticism of Islamic Banking. There is still a confusion among people about the differences in Islamic and commercial banking. The implementation of Islamic banking is not as per the true spirit with which it was started.    Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted and a thorough research was carried out by studying 2725 articles and finally qualifying thirty articles (30 articles) for the review Findings: The results revealed that there is still a confusion among people regarding the difference between Islamic and Conventional banking. The Islamic banks should organize more awareness programs to improve the knowledge of people regarding Islamic banks. The social objectives of Islamic banks are not highlighted from their operations. Implications/Originality/Value: This articles contributes to the literature by giving important insights regarding the Islamic Banking industry. The Islamic Banks can definitely improve by adopting the suggestions given in paper.

Purpose: The article covers the prospects, challenges and criticism of Islamic Banking. There is still a confusion among people about the differences in Islamic and commercial banking. The implementation of Islamic banking is not as per the true spirit with which it was started.    Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted and a thorough research was carried out by studying 2725 articles and finally qualifying thirty articles (30 articles) for the review Findings: The results revealed that there is still a confusion among people regarding the difference between Islamic and Conventional banking. The Islamic banks should organize more awareness programs to improve the knowledge of people regarding Islamic banks. The social objectives of Islamic banks are not highlighted from their operations. Implications/Originality/Value: This articles contributes to the literature by giving important insights regarding the Islamic Banking industry. The Islamic Banks can definitely improve by adopting the suggestions given in paper.

Purpose: The article covers the prospects, challenges and criticism of Islamic Banking. There is still a confusion among people about the differences in Islamic and commercial banking. The implementation of Islamic banking is not as per the true spirit with which it was started.    Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted and a thorough research was carried out by studying 2725 articles and finally qualifying thirty articles (30 articles) for the review Findings: The results revealed that there is still a confusion among people regarding the difference between Islamic and Conventional banking. The Islamic banks should organize more awareness programs to improve the knowledge of people regarding Islamic banks. The social objectives of Islamic banks are not highlighted from their operations. Implications/Originality/Value: This articles contributes to the literature by giving important insights regarding the Islamic Banking industry. The Islamic Banks can definitely improve by adopting the suggestions given in paper.

Purpose: The article covers the prospects, challenges and criticism of Islamic Banking. There is still a confusion among people about the differences in Islamic and commercial banking. The implementation of Islamic banking is not as per the true spirit with which it was started.    Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted and a thorough research was carried out by studying 2725 articles and finally qualifying thirty articles (30 articles) for the review Findings: The results revealed that there is still a confusion among people regarding the difference between Islamic and Conventional banking. The Islamic banks should organize more awareness programs to improve the knowledge of people regarding Islamic banks. The social objectives of Islamic banks are not highlighted from their operations. Implications/Originality/Value: This articles contributes to the literature by giving important insights regarding the Islamic Banking industry. The Islamic Banks can definitely improve by adopting the suggestions given in paper.

Purpose: The article covers the prospects, challenges and criticism of Islamic Banking. There is still a confusion among people about the differences in Islamic and commercial banking. The implementation of Islamic banking is not as per the true spirit with which it was started.    Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted and a thorough research was carried out by studying 2725 articles and finally qualifying thirty articles (30 articles) for the review Findings: The results revealed that there is still a confusion among people regarding the difference between Islamic and Conventional banking. The Islamic banks should organize more awareness programs to improve the knowledge of people regarding Islamic banks. The social objectives of Islamic banks are not highlighted from their operations. Implications/Originality/Value: This articles contributes to the literature by giving important insights regarding the Islamic Banking industry. The Islamic Banks can definitely improve by adopting the suggestions given in paper.