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Optimising junior doctor rosters is a common subject of debate both in Australia and overseas. While total work hours are recognised to increase the risk of fatigue-related complications for both junior doctors and their patients, patterns of work are less commonly described. Multiple low quality evidence recommendations exist to guide rostering practices to reduce predominantly the risk of fatigue-associated error and burnout, but also to avoid disruptions to continuity of care and provide adequate training opportunities. Given available evidence is poor, further centre and specialty-specific studies are required to delineate optimal rostering patterns for Australian junior doctors.