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This book offers comprehensive coverage of all manifestations of resistance in combating infectious diseases and explores advances in antimicrobials in agriculture and their applications in the fight against microbes. According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global health because the number of alternative antibiotics is very limited. Antimicrobial resistance is a slow, evolutionary process that has been accelerated by human activities in the health, environment, and agriculture sectors. Due to their wide application, antibiotics and their residues have been found in almost all food products and natural ecosystems. This book appraises the drivers, impact, and mitigation of antimicrobials, with a focus on methods and targets. In addition, it also provides a variety of photographs, diagrams, and tables to help illustrate the material. The novel strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance are also described, emphasizing collaborative measures of control. The underlying molecular mechanisms, which depend not only on the microbe but on the specific drug molecule, are highly diverse and are covered in detail.Students, researchers, scientists, practitioners, academicians, biologists, microbiologists, stakeholders, and policymakers can benefit from current trends in antimicrobials in agriculture that address microbiology, microbial biotechnology, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, natural medicinal plant products, secondary metabolites, and all disciplines related to antimicrobial research.Features of the book: Covers antimicrobials in agriculture with up-to-date research Recent references on plausible antimicrobials in agriculture Public health impact of the use of antibiotics in agriculture Antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal plants Role of phytoalexins in agriculture Nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents Presents cutting-edge research on microbiology, nanotechnology, and emergent antimicrobial technologies

This comprehensive treatise offers an in-depth discussion of natural toxicants in plants, emphasizing their effects as defenses against herbivory. Coevolution of plants and her-bivores are covered with a detailed treatment of toxicant metabolism and systemic effects in mammalian tissues. Con-sideration of the economic importance of plant toxins, modi-fication by plant breeding, management of toxico-sis, and toxicant problems in various geographic areas are in-cluded. Each volume offers an extensive description of chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, distribution in plants, metabolism in mam-mals and insects, and practical problems in humans and livestock.

Recent Advances in the Science of Cannabis describes progress in a variety of significant areas of cannabis science. This unique book covers topics in cultivation and secondary metabolites, aroma and chemotypes, cannabinoid structures, physiology and pharmacology, as well as the development of unique topical products. State-of-the-art analytical methods and instrumentation are covered, including current developments in mass spectrometry and chromatography, as well as microbial testing. Given the popularity of smoking and vaporizing cannabis, the chemistry of vaping cannabinoid and terpene concentrates is also presented, along with emerging regulatory issues. Key Features: A guide to emerging modern cannabis technology in a dynamic regulatory climate and appealing to both novices and specialists. Building upon pioneering studies of terpene and cannabinoid chemistry, this distinctive volume describes current best practices, technological breakthroughs and historical context. Written by researchers in industry and academia, a greater understanding of the risks of exposure to emissions from vaping or dabbing cannabis concentrates is provided here. A selection of the book content reviewing Thermal Degradation of Cannabinoids and Cannabis Terpenes has been included in “Hot 2021” RSC Advances.

The key role played by iron, as well as other transition metals, in microbial metabolism is investigated in this volume. Topics covered include: iron chelation and siderophores; receptor-mediated bacterial iron transport; and the nitogenases.

Global concern for energy security and environmental protection has put great emphasis on the search for alternative energy sources, particularly for the transport sector. Biofuels have emerged as a highly promising source of alternative energy, and have drawn global research and development for their production using biomass. With the increasing worldwide demand for energy, along with the depletion of conventional fossil fuel reserves, there has been growing global interest in developing alternative sources of energy. There has also been concern in growing economies regarding energy security. Biofuels offer much promise on these frontiers. In addition to these factors, they also have a reduced environmental impact in comparison to fossil fuels. Biofuels from Microbes and Plants provides state-of-the-art information on the status of biofuel production and related aspects.Academics, researchers, engineers, and technologists will develop a greater understanding of the relevant concepts and solutions to the global issues related to achieving alternative energy applications for future energy security, as well as environmental sustainability in medium- and large-scale industries.Key Features Detailed overview of the alternative energy field and the role of biofuels as new energy sources Detailed accounts of the production of biodiesel from non-conventional bio-feedstocks such as algae, microbes, and vegetable oils Recent updates about biotechnological improvements of plant and microbial sources for biofuel production

Originally published in 1991. This book brings together the ideas of an international group of experts on clinical and experimental epilepsy. These authors consider how antiepileptic drugs may act on elements of neuronal networks to reduce seizure incidence and severity. The book addresses such topics as the four general classes of anticonvulsant drug mechanisms, major epilepsy models, the proposed mechanisms of action of major antiepileptic drugs, and the clinical use of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of various forms of human epilepsy. This volume is special for its focus on the neuronal network approach to epilepsy, as well as for its comprehensive review and integration of human and animal data. Neurologists, pharmacologists, psychiatrists, and other investigators actively working on epilepsy research will find this book to be a useful, thought-provoking reference volume.

This Handbook, pinpoints salient features of known information about Terpenoids in a readily accessible and readable format. Terpenoids have singularly enriched organic chemistry by its variety of structural types, by its wealth ofunexpected reactions, rearrangements and spectral features, and by offering exciting targets for synthesis. Much imaginative experimental work has been invested in exploring their natural pathways. Recent years have revealed an increasingly important biological and ecological role for several of its members.

Principles of Animal Extrapolation addresses the conceptual basis for animal extrapolation and provides an abundance of documentation that illustrates how these principles may be applied in the selection of the more appropriate models and in the interpretation of toxicological studies. The book analyzes and documents each specific biological cause of interspecies differences in susceptibility to toxic agents, including differences in absorption, gut flora, tissue distribution, metabolism, mechanisms and efficiencies of repair, and excretion. The problem of the heterogenicity of the human population is addressed through several chapters that assess the availability and prospects of developing predictive animal models for normal humans, as well as selected potential high-risk groups. Other topics presented in this book include the biological basis of regulatory actions involving attempts to extrapolate from exceptionally high exposure levels to realistic values, especially carcinogens; an assessment of genotoxicity tests, their ability to predict carcinogenicity in whole animals, and the manner in which they should be used by regulatory agencies; birth defects; and predicting the risk of human teratogenesis. Principle of Animal Extrapolation is essential for environmental toxicologists. It also provides valuable information to biomedical scientists (especially those involved in drug development and testing) and regulatory personnel in agencies such as the EPA, the OSHA, the NIOSH, and the FDA.

A compilation of all the known information on terpenoids specifically triterpenoids, is presented in these volumes. The most important available information on a particular compound is discussed, such as its isolation/occurence, available spectral data, and leading references on structural determination. Additionally, triterpenoids synthesis, biosynthesis, proven pharmacological properties, and any known applications are explained. A comprehensive general introduction has been included which surveys the development of triterpenoid chemistry from the beginning to the present. Extremely helpful is the selected list of references to books and reviews dealing with various aspects of triterpenoid chemistry.

Antimicrobials: Synthetic and Natural Compounds summarizes the latest research regarding the possibilities of the most important natural antimicrobial compounds derived from various plant sources containing a wide variety of secondary metabolites. With collected contributions from international subject experts, it focuses primarily on natural produ

Bacterial and parasitic diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide, according to a report by the London School of Economics. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant'superbugs,'like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), traditional antibiotics such as penicillin and its derivatives are in danger of becoming obsolete. In an effort to combat this problem, pharmaceutical companies continue to research new and effective antibiotics. The Dictionary of Antibiotics and Related Substances, Second Edition is a definitive reference work dealing with this crucially important class of biochemicals. It consists of a comprehensive survey of the antibiotic field, providing a single-volume resource and a significant update to the first edition published in 1988. Each dictionary entry contains the chemical name and synonyms, CAS Number, chemical structure, biological activity, and a concise bibliography.Entries include naturally occurring antibiotics, such as the beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems) and aminoglycosides; semisynthetic antibiotics—the most common type available—modified chemically from original compounds found in nature; and synthetic antibiotics, including the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones. It is estimated that there are approximately 10,000 antibiotics known, and this revised edition of the successful compilation covers all of the different classes. The dictionary also includes fully searchable downloadable resources.

The increasing world population, competition for arable land and rich fishing grounds, and environmental concerns mandate that we exploit in a sustainable way the earth's available plant and animal resources for human consumption. To that end, food chemists, technologists, and nutritionists engage in a vast number of tasks related to food availability, quality, safety, nutritional value, and sensory properties—as well as those involved in processing, storage, and distribution. To assist in these functions, it is essential they have easy access to a collection of information on the myriad compounds found in foods. This is particularly true because even compounds present in minute concentrations may exert significant desirable or negative effects on foods.Includes a foreword by Zdzislaw E. Sikorski, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Editor of the CRC Press Chemical & Functional Properties of Food Components Series. Dictionary of Food Compounds, Second Edition is presented in a user-friendly format in both hard copy and fully searchable downloadable resources. It contains entries describing natural components of food raw materials and products as well as compounds added to foods or formed in the course of storage or processing. Each entry contains the name of the component, the chemical and physical characteristics, a description of functional properties related to food use, and nutritional and toxicological data. Ample references facilitate inquiry into more detailed information about any particular compound. Food Compounds Covered:Natural Food ConstituentsLipidsProteinsCarbohydratesFatty acidsFlavonoidsAlkaloidsFood ContaminantsMycotoxinsFood AdditivesColorantsPreservativesAntioxidantsFlavorsNutraceuticalsProbioticsDietary SupplementsVitaminsThis new edition boasts an additional 12,000 entries for a total of 41,000 compounds, including 900 enzymes found in food. No other reference work on food compounds is as complete or as comprehensive.

While some of the most commonly investigated- and most notorious- chemicals in the world are alkaloids, many modern medicines are also based on alkaloid structures. Chemists continue to explore new synthetic routes and alkaloid derivatives in search of drug candidates for fighting disease. Drawn from the venerable Dictionary of Natural Products, th

Traditionally, the search for new compounds from natural products has been a time- and resource-intensive process. The recent application of combinatorial methods and high-throughput synthesis has allowed scientists to generate a range of new molecular structures from natural products and observe how they interact with biological targets. Combinato

A century after their discovery, phosphonates have become important compounds recognized both for their use as efficient reagents in organic synthesis and for their biological and industrial importance. This unique, up-to-date reference presents a concise summary of the state of the art in phosphonate chemistry, covering the role of phosphonates in

New Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 3 presents recent developments in various spectroscopic techniques such as NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy in the form of comprehensive reviews written by leading authorities in the field. With new and updated information. the book is invaluable to both research students and postdoctoral workers w

The use of drugs as remedies for various types of diseases has a long tradition; however, it has only been recently recognized that the value of any given compound must be evaluated in light of its benefit to risk ratio. When prescribing drugs, physicians must look at the big picture of the drug's benefits in relation to its side effects and possib

This new edition focuses on a variety of techniques available for the analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Over 150 figures and tables help to describe the latest advances and give examples of their applications. Current chiral analysis methods as well as discussions on the impact of chirality are described. Practical aspects of bioanalytical work, including many examples of laboratory problems not often reported in the scientific literature, are examined in depth.