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In this study, the process of anthropic decay on stone materials and on the lithobiontic microbial colonization associated was investigated by means of both laboratory simulation (granite) and field experiments (dolostone´s historical quarry), all of them stone materials traditionally used in heritage construction. A wide variety of salts including sulphates, phosphates and chlorides resulted from the interaction between urine and stones after a several month urine treatment under controlled conditions. Moreover, the structure of lithobiontic lichen thalli was investigated, after the direct application of human urine in a field experiment carried out in a historical quarry under the most real conditions, revealing cellular damage in the upper cortex and in the photobiont layer.