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The current chapter is aimed at outlining the current research relating to generating iron nanoparticles for the use within contaminated site remediation. Synthesis, characterization, coatings to facilitate movement and factors affecting nanoparticle reactivity will be discussed. Furthermore, their current use, efficiency and potential toxicity to the environment will have a focus. This chapter provides a brief overview on the current status of iron nanoparticle mediated environmental remediation. Catabolism of a vast array of different anthropogenic pollutant classes are possible with iron nanoparticles including heavy metals, nitrogen, pesticides, dyes, chlorinated solvents, hydrocarbons and inorganic ions to name a few. This chapter is targeted towards beginners and established environmental science researchers alike who will have limited understanding in the field of nanoremiediation employing Iron nanoparticles.