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Beginning from the 1950's, Paluš and Novotná (2009) observed statistically significant phase coherence among oscillatory modes with the period of approximately 7-8 years detected in monthly time series of sunspot numbers, geomagnetic activity aa index, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and near-surface air temperature from several mid-latitude European stations. Focusing on geographical distribution of the phenomenon we study Northern Hemisphere patterns of phase coherence between solaffgeomagnetic activity and NCEP/NCAR and ERA40 near-surface air temperature. Both the reanalysis datasets provide consistent patterns of areas with marked phase coupling between solar/geomagnetic activity and climate variability observed in continuous monthly data, independent of the season, however, confined to the temporal scale related to the oscillatory periods about 7-8 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the extension of Monte Carlo Singular System Analysis (MC SSA), based on evaluating and testing the regularity of the dynamics of the SSA modes against the colored noise null hypothesis, we demonstrate detection of oscillatory modes with period of about 27 months in records of monthly average near-surface air temperature from several European locations, as well as in the monthly North Atlantic Oscillation index. According to their period, the detected modes can be attributed to the quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO). The QBO modes extracted from the temperature and from the NAO index underwent synchronization analysis and their phase synchronization has been confirmed with high statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]