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Cet article fait un bref survol de la migration interne aux États-Unis en insistant particulièrement sur le renversement de tendance observé au début des années soixante-dix, alors que le Sud devient une région nettement gagnante dans ses échanges migratoires avec les autres régions. La croissance phénoménale de la Ceinture du Soleil au cours des années soixante-dix constitue sans doute un des traits marquants de cette décennie aux États-Unis. À l’aide des données du recensement de 1980, l’article examine la situation migratoire au niveau des États au cours de la période 1975-1980. Le portrait ainsi dégagé vaudra-t-il pour les années quatre-vingts? La croissance de la Ceinture du Soleil peut-elle se poursuivre à un tel rythme d’ici 1990? Selon les premières estimations de la migration nette par État (1980-1982), cette zone continue de bénéficier du déplacement de l’activité économique vers l’Ouest et vers le Sud; sa croissance pourrait être toutefois plus modérée que durant la dernière décennie., This article briefly looks at internal migration in the United States, with particularly reference to the reversal of the tendency that was observed in the early seventies, when the South became a region that clearly gained from migratory exchanges with the other regions. The phenomenal growth of the Sun Belt during the seventies constitutes, without doubt, one of the outstanding demographic features of this decade, in the United States. With data from the 1980 Census, this article examines the migratory situation at the state level, during the 1975-1980 period. Will the portrait thus brought forth still be valid for the eighties? Can the Sun Belt continue to grow at this rate till 1990? According to estimations of net migration by state (1980-1982) this region continues to benefit from a shift of economic activity towards the West and South; its growth could, however, be more moderate than that of the past decade., Este artículo da una vista general a la migración interna en los Estados Unidos, haciendo hincapié en la inversión de tendencia que se observó a principios de los setentas, cuando el Sur se convierte en una región mucho más favorecida que las demás dentro de sus intercambios migratorios. El crecimiento fenomenal de la "franja de sol" durante los setentas constituye indudablemente uno de los hechos más destacados de la década en los Estados Unidos. Por medio de los datos del censo de 1980, el artículo examina la situación migratoria a nivel estatal durante el período 1975-1980. ¿El cuadro que de ahí resulta se repetirá en los ochentas? ¿Sostendrá la "franja de sol" el mismo ritmo de crecimiento de aquí a 1990? De acuerdo a las primeras estimaciones de la migración neta por Estado (1980-1982), esta región sigue beneficiandose gracias a la transferencia de la actividad económica hacia el oeste y el sur; sin embargo, este crecimiento será probablemente más moderado que en la década anterior.

In the late 1960s Quebec demonstrated its willingness to influence migration by creating a Ministry of Immigration. The goal of the Ministry changed over the course of a decade from assuring harmonious integration of immigrants to obtaining a greater role in recruitment and selection as well as in reception and establishment. In the early 1970s the Canadian government undertook a significant revision of its immigration policies. The most significant change was probably the requirement of an annual estimate of the number of immigrants judged opportune to admit during a particular time period. to be preceded by consultations with the provinces concerning demographic needs and the labor market. A 1978 agreement between Quebec and the Canadian government gave Quebec a greater role in immigrant selection and recruitment and in effect allowed it to develop its own immigration policy. Ability to absorb potential immigrants became the primary criterion in setting quotas for Quebec. The approach of the federal government has not changed greatly since the new policy came into use. The extent of annual net immigration judged desirable has changed from about 75000 persons initially to about 55000 more recently. The federal government has always viewed immigration as a possible solution to labor market problems but estimates of manpower needs became very volatile in the late 1970s with the general rise in rates of unemployment and survey results lost importance as a source of guidance. The government estimated that 20 to 25 thousand immigrants selected to fill specific manpower needs could be accomodated annually in the 1980s but the collapse of the labor market following the economic crisis caused a downward revision in estimates for 1982-83 to 8000 to 10000 workers with jobs already in hand. In order to participate in planning of immigration Quebec had to develop a research program desinged to identify its capacity to absorb immigrants each year. The 1st step was to try to measure the impact of immigration using a framework of demoeconomic projections aided by a behavior model. 3 levels of immigration ranging from 15000 to 30000 annually were compared to a control case of no immigration in order to detect impact. Growth contributed by immigration is not expected to help solve the 3 major demographic problems expected over the next 20 years: the fertility decline aging of the population and emigration. Immigration does however exacerbate unemployment although it does not cause it. Economic constraints on immigration in the early 1980s are due more to poor prospects of growth than to the impact of immigration on growth. The suggested numbers of immigrants of 15200 in 1983 16000 in 1984 and 17000 in 1985 almost constitute minima given the probable immigration of family members and refugees.