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We report a case of a 19-year-old woman presenting bilateral neurosensorial hearing loss, mental abnormalities, and loss of visual field in the left eye. Visual acuity was 20/20 in OD and 20/25 in OS. Patient was examined systemically. Audiometry showed sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain revealed multiple small lesions in the white matter in both cerebral hemispheres and at the corpus callosum. Fundoscopy showed bilateral normal optic disc and sheathing of the arterioles in the middle periphery of OD. Retinal edema and cotton-wool spots were observed. Fluorescein angiography showed bilateral peripheral occlusive arterial vasculopathy. The patient was diagnosed with Susac syndrome and treated with quetiapine fumarate, flunitrazepam, and prednisone, which resulted in stabile outcome. This case shows that a high index of suspicion leading to early recognition and treatment is important to avoid irreversible damage.

The authors describe the clinical characteristics of a 14-year-old female patient with ophthalmoscopic and angiographic aspects of Stargardt's disease in both eyes who developed subretinal fibrosis and localized retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia in the posterior pole of the right eye 6 months after a mild blunt trauma to the right globe. The left fundus remains with the typical presentation of Stargardt's disease. Our findings support the theory that ocular trauma occurring in patients with Stargardt's disease can precipitate a sequence of events leading to the development of subretinal fibrosis and significant visual loss.

Purpose: To evaluated the retinal nerve fiber layer in chloroquine patients with optical coherence tomography (OCT)., Methods: Nerve fibers layer thickness was measured by a proprietary OCT Stratus through the fast retinal nerve fiber layer protocol in ninety-four eyes of 48 patients exposed to chloroquine for at least one year with no apparent macular disorder. Cumulative dose, maximum daily dose (mg/kg/day) and time of chloroquine use were correlated with the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Data were compared with a control group of 30 patients who did not use chloroquine. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, fundoscopy, angiography and measurement of cup-to-disc ratio., Results: The average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer between antimalaric users (107.60 +/- 13.25 microm) and the control group (99.05 +/- 13.08 microm) had a statistically significant difference (p=0.0137). Furthermore, a positive association of the peripapillary thickness measurements between temporal, upper and lower quadrants of both groups was found. Twelve clock hours retinal nerve fiber layer analysis detected at least one focal defect in more than 50% of the medication users. Particularly, a statistical correlation with the maximum daily dose was found in patients with focal defects (p=0.0120)., Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography is effective in detecting nerve fiber layer loss in chloroquine patients without apparent fundus changes. Thus, optical coherence tomography may contribute to the early diagnosis of chloroquine retinopathy.