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The purpose of this article is to investigate the transition level of African countries toward the circular economy. In particular, this study is developed by examining the African circular economy scenarios and the internalexternal obstacles impeding the growth of the circular economy in Africa. The conceptual context is informed by an examination of the literature on circular economy and its agreed-upon definition. The qualitative and quantitative methodologies that are employed are defined by methodology. The findings present the characteristics of African countries that have implemented circular economic programs as well as an analysis of both internal and external barriers, as supported by the methodology. The African countries examined in the study are granted a ranking. The article also discusses the geographical obstacles as well as the continent's immense strengths. The final conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is directed at comparing the performances of the European nations in the period 2009-2010 with the scope of evaluating their progress in the transition toward Circular Economy. The article, starting from an analysis of the main factors with strategic value in the countries' transition, is centered on "Reduction, Reuse, Recycling" actions. The assessment of the effects of the 3R actions was realized by considering quantitative environmental and economic indicators: Growth Domestic Products (GDP), Domestic Material Consumption (DMC), Population, Produced Municipal Waste (PFW), and Municipal Waste Recycled (MWR). Starting from these indicators, three aggregated indicators have been elaborated--Average Consumption Propension (ACP); GDP per capita expressed in Purchasing Power Standards; Municipal Waste Recycling rate (MWRr)--in order to create a composite index--Circular economy Composite Index (CECI)--aimed at measuring the degree of transition achieved by the European countries in the achievement of Circular Economy targets. The outcomes of the study highlight that the transition, evaluated with the support of the composite index, is present with a different degree amongst the analyzed countries and only some elements could be evaluated as appropriate in the transition toward a circular economic system in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]