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* Context.--Statistical literacy can be defined as understanding the statistical tests and terminology needed for the design, analysis, and conclusions of original research or laboratory testing. Little is known about the statistical literacy of clinical or anatomic pathologists. Objective.--To determine the statistical methods most commonly used in pathology studies from the literature and to assess familiarity and knowledge level of these statistical tests by pathology residents and practicing pathologists. Design.--The most frequently used statistical methods were determined by a review of 1100 research articles published in 11 pathology journals during 2015. Familiarity with statistical methods was determined by a survey of pathology trainees and practicing pathologists at 9 academic institutions in which pathologists were asked to rate their knowledge of the methods identified by the focused review of the literature. Results.--We identified 18 statistical tests that appear frequently in published pathology studies. On average, pathologists reported a knowledge level between 'no knowledge' and 'basic knowledge' of most statistical tests. Knowledge of tests was higher for more frequently used tests. Greater statistical knowledge was associated with a focus on clinical pathology versus anatomic pathology, having had a statistics course, having an advanced degree other than an MD degree, and publishing research. Statistical knowledge was not associated with length of pathology practice. Conclusions.--An audit of pathology literature reveals that knowledge of about 12 statistical tests would be sufficient to provide statistical literacy for pathologists. On average, most pathologists report they can interpret commonly used tests but are unable to perform them. Most pathologists indicated that they would benefit from additional statistical training. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017;141:279-287; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0200-OA), The practice of both clinical and anatomic pathology requires familiarity with statistical concepts. The use of sophisticated statistical methods is vital for the modern academic pathologist from nearly all pathology [...]

* Context.--The expression of galectin-3, a human lectin, has been shown to be highly associated with malignant behavior of thyroid lesions. Design.--We studied the immunohistochemical expression pattern of galectin-3 in a variety of follicular-derived thyroid lesions (13 benign and 62 malignant), including Hurthle cell and follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinomas and variants, and anaplastic and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Results.--Immunoreactivity was strongest in papillary thyroid carcinomas, whereas staining was less intense in Hurthle cell and anaplastic carcinomas, and even weaker in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Staining was absent or weak in the 3 follicular thyroid carcinomas and was negative in both insular carcinomas. In several tumors, staining was stronger at the advancing invasive edge of the lesion than in the central portion of the tumor. Galectin-3 was also expressed focally and weakly in reactive follicular epithelium and entrapped follicles in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. A variety of thyroid lesions showed prominent endogenous, biotin-like activity, which could cause flaws in interpretation if a biotin-detection system were used. Conclusion.--We conclude that galectin-3 immunostaining, when used in biotin-free detection systems, may be useful as an adjunct to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid lesions., The frequently rendered diagnosis of follicular neoplasm on thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies does not distinguish benign from malignant lesions. Postsurgical analysis of tumor architecture, that is, invasion, provides the current [...]

By Robert H. Young, John R. Srigley, Mahul B. Amin, Thomas M. Ulbright, and Antonio L. Cubilla (Atlas of Tumor Pathology, 3rd series, fascicle 28), 512 pp, with illus, Washington, [...]

3rd ed, by Masayoshi Takahashi, 497 pp, with illus, Tokyo, Japan, Igaku-Shoin, 2000. Previous editions of Takahashi's Color Atlas of Cancer Cytology have been regarded as being among the finest [...]

Context.—: Localized amyloidosis of the bladder is rare and often mimics bladder malignancy. It is typically associated with the extracellular deposition of monoclonal light chains, either κ or λ. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be due to chronic inflammation/cystitis., Objective.—: To highlight the importance of localized urinary bladder amyloidosis as a rare mimicker of urothelial malignancy and elucidate its clinical, histopathologic, and cytopathologic manifestations., Design.—: Cases of urinary bladder amyloidosis diagnosed during 2000-2023 were retrieved retrospectively from pathology archives. Electronic medical records, including cystoscopy findings and pathology slides including Congo red stain, were reviewed., Results.—: Here we present 6 patients with localized urinary bladder amyloidosis. Four of the 6 patients were women, with ages ranging from 46 to 69 years, and a mean age of 58 years. Five of 6 patients presented with hematuria, while in 1 patient, bladder amyloidosis was discovered incidentally. Cystoscopy findings invariably were concerning for malignancy, with raised erythema in 5 patients and fungating mass protruding into the bladder lumen in 1 patient. Bladder biopsies and urine cytology were negative for malignancy in all cases. Congo red-positive amyloid deposits involved lamina propria with sparing of the detrusor muscle. In 5 cases, the deposits were typed as derived from the λ light chain, whereas no information was available for 1 patient. Subsequent clinical workup ruled out systemic amyloidosis., Conclusions.—: These cases of urinary bladder amyloidosis highlight the importance of considering rare amyloidosis in the differential diagnosis of hematuria and cystoscopy with a lesion mimicking malignancy., Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial interest in the products or companies described in this article., (© 2024 College of American Pathologists.)