Search

Most empirical research on the relationship between peer victimization, aggression, and mental health has been conducted with correlational designs. Much of this research has also focused primarily on linking peer victimization with either the potential aggressive behaviors of victims or a deterioration in their mental health. This study analyzes the relationship between peer victimization, peer aggression, and depressive symptoms in adolescents over time. The participants are 194 adolescents (49.2% boys, 50.8% girls) aged between 10 and 13 years (M = 10.88, SD = 0.84). The results of the growth modeling analysis indicate that the trajectories are interconnected: as victimization decreases, adolescent aggression and depressive symptoms also decrease. In addition, it is observed that victimization decreased in the same way in boys and girls, while aggression and depressive symptoms showed a smaller reduction in girls. Finally, the results and their potential practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the developmental pattern of basic emotion understanding in children aged 3 to 5 years. We know that children identify first facial expressions and understand later the causes of emotions, but are emotions understood at the same time, at the same developmental moment? To carry out this study, a group of 103 boys and girls between the ages of 3 and 5 were evaluated longitudinally. Through the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) identification and causality of four basic emotions – sadness, joy, anger, and fear – were tested over three years. The results, according to previous studies, confirmed the hierarchical structure of these two components, being the identification of the facial expression the first component acquired and the understanding of the cause of the emotion the second component. In addition, it was observed that the understanding of these four emotions does not occur synchronously. For example, the cause of fear is reasonably well understood at the age of three, while the cause of anger seems to be understood later. In addition to deepening the developmental pattern of emotion knowledge, such results could help educators and clinicians to adjust educational programs aimed at improving knowledge and socio-emotional competence in children of this educational stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School maladjustment (SM) is understood as a set of behavioral, social, and emotional difficulties that prevent students from meeting the expectations of their school context. Its appearance during the first years of schooling is linked to school failure and dropout, violent behaviors, mental health problems, and maladaptive trajectories that persist for the rest of an individual's life. The goal of this study was to identify psychosocial adversity variables capable of predicting the appearance of SM during the first three years of school. By collecting data on school maladjustment, adverse childhood experiences and psychosocial dysfunction, a longitudinal follow-up process was applied to a cohort of 26,108 Chilean students (50.7% female) from the start of their schooling (6.3 years of age in 1st grade) until two years later (8.4 year age mean in 3st grade). Through binary logistic regressions, the results obtained show that mother's adolescent pregnancy, biological father's absence, mental pathology in a relative, psychosocial dysfunction, and teacher's negative perception of students' academic and behavioral performance predict the appearance of SM after three years in the school system. The article discusses these results and their implications for the development of preventive programs aimed at reducing SM and mental health problems during childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se analizan los datos de un estudio longitudinal a largo plazo con el objetivo de examinar las implicaciones de los rasgos psicopáticos infanto-juveniles, evaluados a través de la mCPS (modified Child Psychopathy Scale), en la conducta antisocial en la adolescencia. Se analizan los datos recogidos en 141 niños (edad media = 7.80), que fueron seguidos seis y diez años más tarde. Los resultados muestran que los niños con altas puntuaciones en rasgos psicopáticos presentan en la adolescencia temprana niveles relativamente altos de problemas de conducta. Además, a lo largo de la adolescencia se produce en ellos un mayor incremento en implicación con amigos antisociales, consumo de cannabis y agresión proactiva. Así, los resultados muestran que los rasgos psicopáticos medidos en la niñez se asocian con un desarrollo más desfavorable, particularmente en indicadores que, como la agresión proactiva, se han vinculado clásicamente a la personalidad psicopática en adultos.

Numerous studies have found that both personality and the coping strategies used to manage stress have an important role in the development of mental health problems, particularly adjustment disorder (AD). The aim of this study was, firstly, to analyze differences in neuroticism, comorbidity and coping between a group of patients with AD with a favorable clinical course (n = 58) and another with unfavorable evolution (n = 20); and secondly, to analyze whether these variables could predict clinical evolution 5 years later. The group with unfavorable clinical evolution showed a greater neuroticism, more presence of comorbid personality pathological traits, and a greater use of maladaptive coping strategies. Furthermore, the main risk factors to belong to the group with unfavorable evolution were greater neuroticism, presence of comorbidity and the use of denial coping, whereas the use of planning and instrumental support strategies lowered this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de Psicología Jurídica is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based upon the revised Job Demands and Resources Model (2008) we aim first, to test the relations between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion across time and second, to determine the role of professional self-efficacy in this relation. A longitudinal study was conducted in two times, with a year of interval in a Spanish Army sample (n = 242). To test the causal relations between work-family and emotional exhaustion three models are tested: normal causal, reversed causal, and causal reciprocal. To test the role of professional self-efficacy in the relation between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion four alternative models are tested: independence, antecedent, mediation, and independence plus antecedent models. Structural Equation Modeling results confirm the simultaneous reciprocal effects model as it fits the data better than the normal causal or the reverse causal models. This result suggests a spiral process, where work-family conflict predicts emotional exhaustion and at the same time emotional exhaustion increases work-family conflict. Likewise, this article contributes to clarifying the role of self-efficacy in the complex relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine longitudinal relationships between work engagement and mental-health problems, job satisfaction, and extra-role performance (traditionally considered as work-engagement “outcomes") in terms of reciprocal causality. On the basis of the Conservation of Resources theory, the Broaden-and-Build theory, and previous studies, we hypothesized that the relationships between work engagement and such variables are reciprocal over time. The study was conducted among 157 schoolteachers, and the time lag was of five months on average. Results of structural-equation-modelling analysis showed that the model with reciprocal relationships exhibited the best fit with the data. Specifically, work engagement at T1 predicted mental-health problems, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviours at T2. Moreover, T1 mental-health problems were negatively related to T2 work engagement, whereas T1 job satisfaction and T1 organizational-citizenship behaviours were positively related to T2 work engagement. Overall, our findings provide evidence for a reciprocal influence between engagement and these constructs, meaning that none of them can be considered as only a cause or only a consequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R) this study analyzes the role of task-oriented norm (job resource) and role stressors (job demands) to predict job satisfaction over time. In order to test this effect, a sample was gathered in a manufacturing setting at two different times. Hierarchical regression analysis tests the principal and the interaction effects of role stressors (role conflict and role overload) and task-oriented norm to predict job satisfaction. Results confirm the negative effect of role conflict at Time 1 on job satisfaction at Time 2 showing the relevance of setting priorities to neutralize the negative effect of this stressor. Moreover, these results show the interaction between task overload (Time 1) and task-oriented norm (Time 1) on job satisfaction (Time 2) after working together for more than one year as a permanent group. Discussion is focused on the structural work context and within group implications of these findings in real working settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]