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Although every glioma patient varies in tumor size, location, histological grade and molecular biomarkers, structural abnormalities are commonly conducted in a group-level, leading to the miss of individual structural atrophy. In this study, we introduced an individual-level structural abnormality detection method for glioma patients and proposed several novel abnormality indexes to depict the individual atrophy pattern. Forty-five glioma patients in frontal lobe and fifty-two age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. All patients underwent neurocognitive test and molecular examinations, including 1p/19q co-deletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation. Individual structural abnormality maps for every glioma patient were calculated from the preoperative T1 images, and the individual abnormality index were further computed and explored the associations with clinical indicators. The results manifested that: 1. Every glioma patient show unique atrophy pattern; 2. Glioma patients also share consistent atrophy regions; 3. The atrophy pattern is influenced by some molecular biomarkers. Our study provides an effective way to access the individual structural abnormalities in glioma patients, and displays great potentials in individualized precision medicine for glioma patients.

Background: Previous studies reported that gender and age could influence urine metabolomics, which should be considered in biomarker discovery. As a consequence, for the baseline of urine metabolomics characteristics, it becomes critical to avoid confounding effects in clinical cohort studies. Results: In this study, we provided a comprehensive lifespan characterization of urine metabolomics in a cohort of 348 healthy children and 315 adults aged 1 to 70 years using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Our results suggested that gender-dependent urine metabolites are much greater in adults than in children. The pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and alanine metabolism pathways were enriched in early life. Androgen and estrogen metabolism showed high activity during adolescence and youth stages. Pyrimidine metabolism was enriched in the old stage. Conclusion: Based on the above analysis, metabolomic characteristics of each age stage were provided. This work could help us understand the baseline of urine metabolism characteristics and contribute to further studies of clinical disease biomarker discovery.