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Several discrete groups of feeding-regulated neurons in thenucleus tractus solitarius(NTS) suppress food intake, including aversion-promoting neurons that expressCck(NTSCckcells) and distinctLepr- andCalcr-expressing neurons (NTSLeprand NTSCalcrcells, respectively) that suppress food intake without promoting aversion. To test synergies among these cell groups we manipulated multiple NTS cell populations simultaneously. We found that activating multiple sets of NTS neurons (e.g., NTSLeprplus NTSCalcr(NTSLC), or NTSLCplus NTSCck(NTSLCK)) suppressed feeding more robustly than activating single populations. While activating groups of cells that include NTSCckneurons promoted conditioned taste avoidance (CTA), NTSLCactivation produced no CTA despite abrogating feeding. Thus, the ability to promote CTA formation represents a dominant effect, but activating multiple non-aversive populations additively suppresses food intake without provoking aversion. Although silencing multiple NTS neuron groups augmented food intake and body weight more dramatically than silencing single populations, feeding activated many non-NTSLCKneurons and silencing NTSLCKneurons failed to blunt the weight loss response to vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Hence, while each of these NTS neuron populations plays crucial and additive roles in the control of energy balance, as-yet undefined cell types must make additional contributions to the control of feeding and the response to VSG.