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The psychometric properties of the Nijmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale (N-GAMS) are evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and its invariance is tested using multigroup procedures. Four hundred and thirty-one Italian physicians (44.5% women; Mage = 50.1) completed the Italian version of N-GAMS: 311 were primary care physicians and 120 were medical students specializing in primary care. The CFA revealed that the N-GAMS consisted of three factors: gender sensitivity (GS), gender role ideology toward patients (GRI-P), and gender role ideology toward doctors (GRI-D). Removal of two items (1 and 13) from the GS factor improved the fit, so that the final version of the Italian scale consists of 30 items. Multigroup analysis showed that N-GAMS was metric invariant between women and men, whereas it achieved scalar invariance between in-service physicians and postgraduate medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]