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The NEGOWAT project aims to elaborate structure and test a methodology combining an agent-based modelling approach and role game playing as a discussion and mediating tool for facilitating negotiations/discussion over land and water management issues, in the specific context of the urban fringe of metropolitan upstream catchments in Latin America. The research aims thus to provide (i) a conceptual tool that will allow to analyse land and water management in this context (ii) a methodology (including computing tools) and its guidelines for its implementation to explore, test and discuss scenarios while reinforcing the participation of marginalised stakeholders of the city fringe in all stages of the processes. 2005 was devoted to the development of the simulation tools following a method proposed by the French companion modeling group and using the generic conceptual framework developed during 2003 and 2004. Collective working sessions gathering experts of the projects permitted the characterization of (i) the dynamic of resource(s) (ii) the actors (iii) the interaction between actors and resources or between actors (iv) the spatial and time scale of each elements. A modeller helps to integrate the discussion in a common base that was then developed into the game. Tests combine validation of the principles of the game (framework and rules) by experts and actors and feasibility test by students. First results on the development of the tools indicated that gime and game session development is time consuming, whether to develop the agreed underlying framework, to develop the game supports and materials, to balance simplification and complexity of the representation, or to develop the computerized base when necessary. Computerized simulation is interesting to represent complex resource dynamic that may requires a lot of time to be represented differently but may be perceive as a black box. Various Brazilian experiences of use of role playing game for capacity building and training have also been identified and are being compared with the Negowat games and interventions. The experience gathered in periurban context, tools development and methodological aspect of intervention approach is being synthesized and organized in training material in the form of PowerPoint presentations and related texts, that will be tested in training course modules under preparation.

In developing countries, cities development puts an increasing pressure on water resources in their peri-urban areas. While peri-urban catchments often offer important services to their related city, their functioning are durably affected by urbanisation. In this interface, domestic water uses compete with various other water needs such as irrigation, recreational uses, flood control, etc. It results in increased competitions over water availability and quality degradation. These competitions are all the more exacerbated, that it is often combined with a competition for access to land as cities fringe supports the urban expansion processes and presents very diversified modes of land occupation. In South America, these tensions are accentuated by the expulsion to the periphery of economically, politically or sociologically marginalized communities. In a context of implementation of new institutional arrangements for more participative and integrated land and water management, can we contribute to improve the negotiation processes in the periurban interface? The specific objectives of the Negowat research project are to : (1) Design and test a methodology to facilitate negotiation and the avoidance of conflicts by using tools permitting to integrate various types of knowledge and explore the functioning of periurban catchment through scenarios simulation; (2) To increase the capacity of Latin American partners to undertake participatory and multidisciplinary research; and (3) To increase the negotiation capacity and participation of marginalized communities, positioned at the periphery of the discussion processes. In Brazil, the work is being developed in two sub catchment of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the Guarapiranga catchment and the Cabeiceras-Tietê catchment. In Bolivia, the work is developed in the valley area of the municipality Tiquipaya, in the metropolitan region of Cochabamba. This report presents the state of advancement and first results of the project that was initiated in 2003. The objectives for this first phase were (1) to specify the specific issue to be dealt with at in each area (2) to synthesize information available and complete information on various thematic areas (hydrology, agriculture, land market, urbanization, as well as land uses maps), to build a conceptual framework of the functioning of land and water management in periurban spring catchment (3) to develop discussion tools (role playing game, multi-agent model) that will be used as mediation tools with the actors in the catchment. The first part of the report synthesizes the state of advancement and scientific outcomes obtained during this first stage. The second part present the management report of the project. The third part gathers the individual annual report of the 9 institutions participating in the project.

From the 16th to the 20th of August 2004, was held the third workshop "Conceptual Framework Meeting II" of the NEGOWAT project in Sao Paulo. This workshop organized organized by Apta aimed to present the state of advancement of the work in each country (Brazil/Bolivia). It focused on discussions of field work results and on the preparation of the implementation of WP4 and WP5. During previous meetings it appeared that the scientists involved in the project lacked the indepth knowledge of the local situation necessary to elaborate and discuss a framework on the functioning of peri-urban catchment. Consequently, it was decided to focus this meeting on the presentation of the thematic field results and to postpone the discussions related to the framework and development of discussion tools to a following meeting. More specifically the objectives of the workshop were: 1) To present and discuss in depth the outcomes of the field work in the thematic areas (2 days were devoted to the presentation and the discussion). 2) To present the state of advancement of both team in the development and implementation of a methodology of intervention in negotiation process. 3) To initiate the discussion on: elaboration of training tools (WP5) and elaboration of a common methodology to monitor the processes. 4) To advance in the elaboration of joint publication. The detailed program of the meeting is presented in annex. This report synthetically presents the main conclusions of the meetings. The different presentations are available in the internal webpage of the Negowat project (www.negowat.org).

In developing countries, cities development puts an increasing pressure on water resources in their peri-urban areas. While peri-urban catchments often offer important services to their related city, their functioning are durably affected by urbanisation. In this interface, domestic water uses compete with various other water needs such as irrigation, recreational uses, flood control, etc. It results in increased competitions over water availability and quality degradation. These competitions are all the more exacerbated, that it is often combined with a competition for access to land as cities fringe supports the urban expansion processes and presents very diversified modes of land occupation. In South America, these tensions are accentuated by the expulsion to the periphery of economically, politically or sociologically marginalized communities. In a context of implementation of new institutional arrangements for more participative and integrated land and water management, can we contribute to improve the negotiation processes in the periurban interface? The specific objectives of the Negowat research project are to : (1) Design and test a methodology to facilitate negotiation and the avoidance of conflicts by using tools permitting to integrate various types of knowledge and explore the functioning of periurban catchment through scenarios simulation; (2) To increase the capacity of Latin American partners to undertake participatory and multidisciplinary research; and (3) To increase the negotiation capacity and participation of marginalized communities, positioned at the periphery of the discussion processes. In Brazil, the work is being developed in two sub catchment of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, the Guarapiranga catchment and the Cabeiceras-Tietê catchment. In Bolivia, the work is developed in the valley area of the municipality Tiquipaya, in the metropolitan region of Cochabamba. This report presents the state of advancement and first results of the project that was initiated in 2003. The objectives for this first phase were (1) to specify the specific issue to be dealt with at in each area (2) to synthesize information available and complete information on various thematic areas (hydrology, agriculture, land market, urbanization, as well as land uses maps), to build a conceptual framework of the functioning of land and water management in periurban spring catchment (3) to develop discussion tools (role playing game, multi-agent model) that will be used as mediation tools with the actors in the catchment. The first part of the report synthesizes the state of advancement and scientific outcomes obtained during this first stage. The second part present the management report of the project. The third part gathers the individual annual report of the 9 institutions participating in the project.

The NEGOWAT project aims to elaborate, structure and test a methodology combining an agent-based modelling approach and role game playing as a discussion and mediating tool for facilitating negotiations/discussion over land and water management issues, in the specific context of the urban fringe of metropolitan upstream catchments in Latin America. The research aims thus to provide (i) a conceptual tool that will allow to analyse land and water management in this context (ii) a methodology (including computing tools) and its guidelines for its implementation to explore, test and discuss scenarios while reinforcing the participation of marginalised stakeholders of the city fringe in all stages of the processes. The research is implemented simultaneously in two countries: In Bolivia, in the catchment of Tiquipaya, part of the metropolitan region of Cochabamba (1 million of inhabitants). In Brazil, in the spring areas of the metropolitan region of São Paulo (18 millions inhabitants), more specifically in the Guarapiranga catchment and the Cabeiceras-Tietê catchment. The activities are implemented by two multidisciplinary teams that gather specialists in different thematic field areas (urbanisation, farming system research, hydrology, sociology, institutional economy, law), specialists in modelling, in action-research and intervention with stakeholders. This first annual report presents the state of advancement of the project one year after the beginning of the work.

The NEGOWAT project aims to elaborate, structure and test a methodology combining an agent-based modelling approach and role game playing as a discussion and mediating tool for facilitating negotiations/discussion over land and water management issues, in the specific context of the urban fringe of metropolitan upstream catchments in Latin America. The research aims thus to provide (i) a conceptual tool that will allow to analyse land and water management in this context (ii) a methodology (including computing tools) and its guidelines for its implementation to explore, test and discuss scenarios while reinforcing the participation of marginalised stakeholders of the city fringe in all stages of the processes. The research is implemented simultaneously in two countries: In Bolivia, in the catchment of Tiquipaya, part of the metropolitan region of Cochabamba (1 million of inhabitants). In Brazil, in the spring areas of the metropolitan region of São Paulo (18 millions inhabitants), more specifically in the Guarapiranga catchment and the Cabeiceras-Tietê catchment. The activities are implemented by two multidisciplinary teams that gather specialists in different thematic field areas (urbanisation, farming system research, hydrology, sociology, institutional economy, law), specialists in modelling, in action-research and intervention with stakeholders. This first annual report presents the state of advancement of the project one year after the beginning of the work.

Une étude des systèmes de production maraîchers dans la zone périurbaine de Bouaké, deuxième ville de Côte d'Ivoire, a été réalisée avec la collaboration d'un étudiant-stagiaire de l'Unité Régionale de l'Enseignement Supérieur (URES) de Korhogo. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre du programme de recherche sur la gestion des ressources naturelles menée conjointement par l'Université de Bouaké et le Cirad. L'objet de cette étude était tout d'abord d'appréhender le fonctionnement des systèmes de production maraîchers puis de faire un diagnostic précis sur les résultats techniques et économiques obtenus par les maraîchers du village d'Allokokro (commune de Bouaké). Les systèmes de production maraîchers, mis en oeuvre par l'ensemble des paysans enquêtés, demeurent familiaux et mobilisent des moyens de production traditionnels. Ces caractéristiques permettent aux producteurs de s'adapter rapidement aux conditions du marché et de ne pas être dépendants des structures de crédit agricole. Inversement les surfaces cultivées sont limitées du fait du manque de matériels d'irrigation et d'aménagements hydro-agricoles et de l'incapacité financière à employer de la main d'oeuvre occasionnelle. Plusieurs autres contraintes limitent les productions maraîchères dans cette région, notamment la baisse de fertilité des sols de bas-fond, la mauvaise protection des cultures, la forte pression parasitaire et les maladies fongiques. Pour l'ensemble de ces exploitations, les cultures maraîchères constituent l'activité principale qui procure 80 à 90% des revenus monétaires agricoles et de ce fait permet de sécuriser l'approvisionnement alimentaire familial. Le revenu annuel par actif obtenu par le maraîchage est en moyenne de 130 000 FCFA, revenu supérieur à ce que peut espérer un jeune paysan Baoulé travaillant comme manoeuvre en zone forestière.

L'IGAD (Institut Gabonais d'Appui au Développement) créé en 1992 à l'initiative de I'Etat Gabonais et d'Elf Gabon a pour objectif principal la promotion, en milieu périurbain, de petites et moyennes entreprises agricoles sédentaires, susceptibles d'assurer l'approvisionnement des centres urbains tels que Libreville, de manière rémunératrice, reproductible et durable. Le CIRAD a été associé à la préparation de la phase d'intervention de l'IGAD dans le cadre du PADAP (Projet d'Appui au Développement de l'Agriculture Périurbaine) pour assurer l'animation du volet de recherche d'accompagnement. Le présent rapport restitue une partie des travaux de l'axe socio-économique de cette recherche d'accompagnement réalisée au cours d'un court séjour interrompu en raison d'une conjoncture économique nationale défavorable. Il constitue un document de travail portant sur le zonage physique, agroclimatique, humain et socio-économique de la zone périurbaine de Libreville. Il est assorti d'une proposition de programme de recherche d'accompagnement caractérisée par la mise en place d'un processus d'innovation itératif et réversible (feed back) s'appuyant sur un réseau de fermes de référence permettant la mise en oeuvre de méthodes participatives.

L'IGAD (Institut Gabonais d'Appui au Développement) créé en l992 à l'initiative de l'Etat Gabonais et d'Elf Gabon a, pour objectif principal la promotion, en milieu périurbain, de petites et moyennes entreprises agricoles sédentaires susceptibles d'assurer l'approvisionnement des centres urbains tel Libreville de manière rémunératrice, durable et reproductible. Le CIRAD a été associé à la préparation de la phase d'intervention de l'IGAD dans le cadre du PADAP (Programme &Appui au Développement de l'Agriculture Périurbaine) pour assurer l'animation d'une équipe de recherche d'accompagnement. Le présent rapport restitue une partie des travaux de l'axe socio-économique de recherche d'accompagnement réalisés au cours d'un séjour de dix mois. Il constitue un premier document de travail portant sur le zonage physique, agroclimatique, humain et socio-économique de la zone périurbaine de Libreville. Il est assorti d'une proposition de programme de recherche d'accompagnement caractérisée par Ici mise en place d'un processus d'innovation s'appuyant sur un réseau de fermes de référence. Soumis à l'étude de la Direction Générale de I'IGAD avec un recueil des activités agrotechniques réalisées parallèlement (cultures de tomates, de haricots couvertures mortes, etc) il constitue un document de base pour définir le cadre de la reprise de collaboration avec l'IGAD dans le cadre du PADAP.