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Objective. To propose a new procedure to restore both hard and soft tissues in the vertical defects of the jaws. Methods. A tenting screw was inserted in a mandibular vertical bone defect in the molar region. A titanium mesh was trimmed and stabilized to a tenting screw with its cover screw. The mesh was shaped not to cover the whole defect but just the area above the tenting screw, like an umbrella, with the aim to help a resorbable membrane not to collapse over the defect. A collagen membrane, stabilized with tacks both on the lingual and buccal side, covered the defect, filled with particulate autogenous graft mixed with a xenograft in a 1:1 ratio. After 3,5 months, a split thickness flap was raised, the mesh and the tenting screw were removed, a palatal graft was harvested from the palate and stabilized with sutures on the recipient site to augment the band of keratinized tissue. Nine months after bone augmentation the site was re-opened for implants and healing abutments application. Results. At implant insertion stage, both hard and soft tissue grafts were completely healed and matured. Conclusion. This procedure shortens the overall treatment time, inserting the implant in matured and stable augmented hard and soft tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of upper jaws fixed cross-arches prosthesis on 6 implants installed with 3D software planning, flapless guided surgery, and immediate loading. Methods. Healthy patients aged 18 years or older at the time of implant placement, in need to be re-stored with an immediately loaded implant-supported screw-retained cross-arch fixed dental prosthesis in the maxilla were included in the present study and treated using computer-assisted template-guided surgery. In order to be immediately loaded implant sites were prepared and an insertion torque ranging between 35-45 Ncm was applied. A prefabricated screw-retained temporary prosthesis was delivered the day of the surgery. The evaluated outcomes were: implant cumulative survival rate (CSR), prosthe-sis survival, any technical and biologic complications, and peri-implant marginal bone level changes, probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results. Twenty-two patients (16 females and 6 males) with a mean age of 63.4 years received 132 im-plants to support 22 cross-arch screw-retained fixed dental prostheses. At the end of the study, no pa-tients dropped out. Three implants failed in 3 patients resulting in a CSR of 97.77%. No final prosthe-sis failed resulting in a CSR of 100%. No major biological or prosthesis complications were recorded. After an initial mean marginal bone loss of 1.10±0.38 mm, (95% CI 0.95 to 1.25 mm), at 12 months follow-up, slightly marginal bone loss was reported with time, resulting in a mean marginal bone loss of 1.58 ±0.41 mm, (95% CI 1.41 to 1.75 mm), at the 5-year follow-up. At 60 months follow-up mean PPD value was 2.44±0.49 mm, (95% CI 2.24 to 2.64 mm), mean BOP value was 1.34±0.87, (95% CI 0.98 to 1.70 mm). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that computer guided surgery and immediate loading on 6 implants seem to represent a viable option for the immediate fix rehabilitations of completely edentulous upper jaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many techniques to regenerate a sufficient bone thickness, in both vertical and horizontal direction, when bone is reabsorbed after extractions or after a long period of edentulism. The present study wants to evaluate from a clinical point of view results obtained using the GBR technique with a e-PTFE titanium reinforced membrane in posterior jaw (4.5-4.7). A 57-years-old male patient presented the failure of two implants in zone 4.6-4.7; after the latter's removal and a healing period of 6 months, the wide bone defects have been filled with heterologous bovine bone mixed with autologous bone and covered with e-PTFE titanium reinforced membrane fixed to the alveolar ridge. After 6 months the site was opened to remove the fixing screws and to place two new dental implants in zone 4.5-4.7; after the osseointegration period of 6 months, the implants were uncovered and two healing-screw were positioned. A significant increase in alveolar bone both vertical and horizontal was observed, such as to allow excellent aesthetic and functional result, testifying the success of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the loading force at the fracture of monolitithic zirconia cantilever substructure in complete arch-prostheses supported by tilted or parallel implants. Material and methods. Ten anatomical models of edentulous mandible were fabricated. Five of these models had five screwtype implants embedded vertically in the intraforamica area (Brånemark protocols). The other five models had four screwtype implants in the intraforaminal area, two in front were placed vertically and two rear were tilted 30 degrees distally (All-on-4). Twelve superstructure in monolithic zirconia were fabricated, ten for the Brånemark protocols and ten All-on-4, with two cantilever for each superstructure. A static load was applied on the cantilever with a universal machine. The fracture load was monitored and the sites of fracture were identified. Results. No statistical significant difference was found between the two techniques. Mean fracture load values was 998 N (SD 83N) for Brånemark protocols while 905 N (SD 37N) for All-on-4. Most fractures occurred at the mesial connector attack to the last abutment. Conclusion. Zirconia cantilevered frameworks on vertical implants may tolerate higher occlusal forces before fracturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Good peri-implant tissue-health indicates that an implant is well-osseointegrated, the marginal bone levels are being maintained, and it maximizes the esthetic outcome of the restoration. This retrospective study investigated the impact of a rigid hygiene maintenance program and implant design on bone levels and peri-implant mucosa health. Methods. The study included edentulous patients who received a full-arch implant-supported prosthesis and who reported for the 3-year follow-up. Here reported are clinical and radiological outcomes as well as patient satisfaction. Results. 112 variable-thread tapered implants were placed in 28 patients according to the All-on-4 treatment concept. At 3 years, all implants were stable and the implant survival rate was 100%. The mean marginal bone level was -0.92±0.79 mm at baseline and -0.94±0.92 mm at the 3-year follow-up. All patients had healthy peri-implant mucosa with no signs of bleeding or visible inflammation. In addition, there were no signs of plaque on any of the prostheses. No adverse events were reported during the study period. Conclusion. Three years post-implant placement, there was no marginal bone loss and the soft tissue exhibited excellent health, suggesting that combining good oral hygiene maintenance with an implant geometry designed to positively impact bone response can demonstrate excellent clinical and radiological outcomes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the type and incidence of TMD in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) disease. Methods. The sample consisted of 50 patients, selected using simple random sampling, and included 26 females and 24 males (mean age: 13.5 ± 2.1 years) from Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Clinical Protocol and Assessment Instruments (DC/TMD) form was utilised to assess the signs and symptoms of TMD in idiopathic scoliosis patients. The pressure pain threshold (PPT) values for the muscles were measured through a hand-held pressure algometer. Parameters and obtained values were evaluated statistically by using paired samples t-test and independent samples t-tests. Results. According to the results, 94.7% of the samples had pain related TMD, 36.8% had headache on temporal region, and 81.6% had no intra-articular or degenerative joint disorder. A statistically significant difference was found regarding muscular TMD between genders (Female: 95.2%, Male: 68.2%) (p=0.02). In patients with myalgia, it was determined that the most painful muscle was the masseter. Conclusion. It can be concluded from this study that diseases which can cause postural changes like scoliosis in the region of the head and shoulders have relationship to the adaptation of the muscles and following alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. Therefore, patients with IS should be routinely controlled in terms of TMD and necessary measures should be taken early to reduce the need for further treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To evaluate the 3-year clinical and radiographic outcomes of partially edentulous patients treated with immediately loaded tilted implants, combined with angulated screw channel (ASC) zirconia abutments. Materials and methods. Any patient requiring an implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis for the rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla and refusing guided bone reconstruction was considered eligible for this study. Two to three immediately loaded flapless implants, combined with immediately placed ASC abutments were placed for each patients. Six months after implant placement/loading a definitive prosthesis was placed. Outcomes were: prosthesis and implant failures, complications, and peri-implant bone level changes. Outcomes were recorded at implant placement/loading and yearly up to 3-year later. Results. Twenty-three anodized implants and ASC zirconia abutments were placed in 10 consecutive participants (mean age 57.2 years) with severe atrophy of the posterior maxilla, by using computer-guided template-assisted surgery. The mean follow-up period was 38.2 months. No patients dropped out. The prosthesis and implant cumulative survival rate was 100%. No biologic or technical complications were experienced during the entire follow-up. Mean marginal bone levels were 0.29±0.34 mm at implant placement and loading, 0.37±0.32 mm at the 1-year follow-up (difference 0.08±0.11 mm; p=0.002), 0.38±0.33 mm at the 2-year follow-up (difference between the 1- and 2-year follow-up 0.02±0.08 mm; p=0.295), and 0.50±0.42 mm at the 3-year follow-up (difference from implant place-ment 0.22±0.22 mm; p=0.000). Conclusions. Guided surgery and immediate loading of ASC zirconia abutment is an effective and reliable treatment option for the treatment of the partially edentulous posterior atrophic maxilla. Further RCT studies are needed to better understand the gold standard approach in such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a growing subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) in the United States and abroad. At the time of the primary diagnosis, HPV-positive tumor status is associated with improved response to chemo-radiation, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Patients with HPV-related cancer look very different than the prototypic patient with tobacco-related SCC of the oral cavity. They tend to be white males that are younger, of higher socioeconomic status, and more highly educated. Moreover, they are often non-smokers who do not abuse alcohol. HPV-related SCC has a strong predilection for the oropharynx, particularly the lingual and palatine tonsils. HPV-16 genotype is the most common genotype, accounting for up to 92% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The need for routine HPV testing of oropharyngeal carcinomas is urgent and compelling. First, HPV status is a powerful indicator of patient prognosis. HPV positivity correlates with a lower risk of tumor progression and death, reflecting in part an enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation with or without chemotherapy. In our understanding, HPV status, which is easily acquired with routine investigations, should be included in the standard operational procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various diseases and conditions can cause bony defects in the maxillofacial region. Since microvascular bone graft transfers were introduced in 1970, new possibilities in reconstructive surgery have arisen. Various methods of treatment have been described for severely atrophic mandibles. These methods are: (1) the placement of four endosteal implants of short length, (2) the placement of a trans-mandibular implant (3) the placement of endosteal implants in combination with vertical distraction osteogenesis or (4) the placement of endosteal implants in combination with an onlay or interpositional bone graft. The patient was operated on to harvest bone for dental implant insertion at the Galeazzi Institute (Milan, Italy) in August 2016. He presented high resorption of edentulous mandible. Bone from the anterior approach was harvested started with a saw, and then a chisel and mallet were used. After 6 months removal of the screws of synthesis (1 fractured is left in place). Insertion of endosseous implants After 3 months loading with mixed prosthesis (bar + overdenture) with locator. Several Authors have reported pain on walking, weakness of the abdominal wall, frank herniation, and disturbances of gait. A few other approaches have been suggested to reduce impairments at the donor site such as taking only the inner cortex, which will reduce the amount of bone available and its implantability. Others have suggested leaving the iliac crest and harvesting the underlying bone. It is concluded that in treatment combining an onlay graft and simultaneous implant placement in the extremely resorbed mandible, considerable graft resorption must be anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study describes a method for the measurement of the marginal gap between abutment and prosthetic crown and analyses the influence of different variables influencing the fitting precision. Methods. The extent of marginal gap between titanium or dental abutment with different implant types composed of sintered titanium, milled titanium alloy, zirconia and translucent zirconia was evaluated. The gap at implant-abutment interface was analysed by optical stereomicroscope observation. To optimise measurement precision, samples were oriented with a specific inclination angle and properly stained to limit reflection phenomena. Captured images was processed by ImageJ virtual measuring instruments. The correlation between various factors including type of tooth (molar, canine), stump type (artificial, natural), prosthesis type (sintered titanium, titanium, zirconia and translucent zirconia), and gap type (proximal, distal) was statistically evaluated performing the study of variance (ANOVA). Results. There was a significant correlation between the type of abutment and the different materials used for implant on fitting accuracy. The variables type of tooth and gap type do not significantly correlate with the marginal gap size. Results of the ANOVA test demonstrated that the association titanium abutment and titanium implant represent the best fitting with a minimum level of marginal gap at the junction interface. Conclusions. The measurement of marginal gap with stereoscopic observation associated with the analysis of variance has been demonstrated to be a valuable method for marginal gap evaluation. This approach demonstrated that the best abutment-implant fitting is represented by the association between titanium abutment and titanium implant. This model could be used to perform preliminary evaluation in order to help the clinician to select the best match of components for prosthetic implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different implant-abutment connections have been developed in the effort of reducing mechanical and biological failure. The most frequent complications are screw loosening, abutment or implant fracture and marginal bone loss due to overload and bacterial micro-leakage. Ideal connection should work as a one-piece implant avoiding the formation of a micro- gap at the implant-abutment interface. Different in vitro and in vivo researches have been published to compare the implant-abutment connections actually available: external hexagon, internal hexagon and conical finding different amount of micro-gap, micro-leakage and marginal bone loss. The aim of this article is to describe, according to the most recent literature, different kind of fixture-abutment connections and their clinical and mechanical advantages or disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth. PD affects 65 million adults over the age of 30 years in the USA, and worldwide 5 to 70% of adults. Women who develop PD during pregnancy, it's estimated 1 woman in 5, may have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. PD during pregnancy starts by dental plaque and is increased by the action of pregnancy hormones. In order to study the effect of PD on adverse pregnancy outcomes, we have performed this narrative review summarising the current studies about the influence of PD on pregnancy. Periodontal pockets are a reservoir of oral microbiota. Modifications in oral microbiota may be considered as a potential mechanism for developing PD during pregnancy. PD is surely caused by bacteria, but the progression and worsening are due to a host immune response. The inflammation caused by PD is not limited to the oral cavity. It is hypothesized that episodes of bacteraemia and dissemination of endotoxins from periodontal pockets can induce the activation of the systemic immune response. In conclusion our narrative review shows that there's no relationship between PD and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and PD treatment during pregnancy does not confer a general protection against adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy, domiciliary oral hygiene, of a mouthrinse containing Tea Tree Oil (TTO) comparing it with two mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine 0,12% respectively and essential oils and a placebo. Materials and methods. A pilot study, randomized 4 × 4, controlled, cross-over, double-blind. 16 subjects with gingivitis (7 males and 9 females) aged 21-37 years, were randomly divided into four groups based on mouthwash that had to be used for domiciliary oral hygiene: mouthwash with essential oils, mouthwash with chlorhexidine 0,12 %, mouthwash containig tea tree oil and mouthwash placebo. Clinical evaluation was performed by: Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS), Full Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS), Gingival Index (GI), discolorations, language examination and alteration of taste. The data were recorded before and 2 weeks after treatment. Results. Statistical analysis shows that treatments with tea tree oil, essential oils and chlorhexidine are effective. Comparing treatments should be noted that the tea tree oil gives a greater improvement in the GI and FMBS, while it is the least effective in the control of bacterial plaque. Conclusion. Although further studies are needed, the anti-inflammatory properties of the mouthwash made from TTO would seem to be a valuable non-toxic adjunct in the management of gingivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric outcome of Preformed Titanium Foil (PTF) to perform Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) in posterior mandibular atrophies. Materials and methods. 10 subjects (1 male; 9 females; mean age 58±11.37 years), with distal mandibular atrophies were selected to perform GBR by means of PTF, using a moldable allograft paste as graft material. The devices, made of a 0,2 mm thick pure titanium foil, were pre-shaped using stereolithographic models obtained from CT-scan of the patients' recipient site. In the second stage, performed at 6.7±2.33 months, 18 cylindrical two-piece implants were placed and the devices removed, at the same time bone biopsies were harvested. At 4 months, the implants were exposed and submitted to progressive prosthetic load for a span of 4 months. The cases were finalized by means of metal-ceramic cementable restorations. The post finalization follow-up was at 12 months. Results. Survival rate (i.e. SVR) was 100% since none fixtures were lost. At the one-year follow up the clinical appearance of the soft tissues was optimal and not pathological signs on probing were recorded. The success rate (i.e. SCR) was 88.2% and the average peri-implant bone reabsorption was 1.17±0.41 mm. The average rate of graft contraction was 19.4±10.55%. The mean percentage occupied by mineralized bone was 48.03±5.93%, while the bone marrow and graft material were 36.1±2.81% and 15.87±4.87 %, respectively. Conclusion. The results suggest good potentialities of the method for GBR in distal mandibular atrophies, allowing to maximize the outcome and simplifying the surgical phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The aim of this article is to make a comparative assessment between the modification of the soft-tissue profile, around the healing cap screws (HCSs), following both the traditional flapless surgery (TFS) and a new modified flapless surgery, named Modified Connective Tissue Punch (MCTP) technique. Materials and methods. 8 patients (3M and 5F) (mean age 54.25±11.247years) were enrolled in this study. Sixteen twopiece implants were placed on upper jaws, 2 for each patient, 8 with TFS and 8 with MCTP technique. In each patient the implants were placed in edentulous areas, of 2 or 3 adjacent teeth long. MCTP technique was performed on the front implant site (FIS) while the TFS was performed on the rear implant site (RIS). All implants were inserted and covered with healing cap screws (HCSs). Alginate impressions were carried out at the moment of the surgery, at 1 month and 4 months post-operative. Plaster models were poured and subsequently digitally scanned, in order to measure the distance between the gingival outline and the free margin of the HCS. The recorded values were analyzed with the ANOVA test. Results. The use of MTCP technique, in comparison to TFS, showed a significative better outcome, in terms of vertical increments, of gingiva, on the VS toward the HCSs, during the entire observation period (p = 0.000 for all). Conclusion. The Authors recommend the use of MCTP technique for a better vestibular soft tissue outcome in flapless implant surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The edentulous severely atrophic maxilla, as consequence of alveolar bone resorption and pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus, represents a serious limitation to the implant rehabilitation. Implants insertion via palatal approach (PA), in combination with relatively minimally invasive techniques aimed at increasing bone volume without the use of autologous bone harvesting is a valid alternative among the options for the rehabilitation of the upper jaw. Clinical case. In a 70-year-old female, with a severe maxillary atrophy, 6 spiral taper implants were placed with the PA, combined with the bilateral transcrestal elevation of both the sinus floors and nasal cavities; a further GBR, with resorbable pericardium membrane covering a termoplastic allograft associated to a xenograft, was performed. The second stage was performed after 6 months. Implant prosthetic functionalization was carried out in 4 months by placing the removable prosthesis in direct contact with the healing cup screws. After that period the case was finalized with a hybrid prosthesis. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups were carried out at 6 months and at one year after prosthetic finalization, during which no pathological signs were recorded. Conclusions. The PA implant insertion described by the Authors, combined with bone augmentation procedures, performed in the same stage, may represent a valid and reliable solution to rehabilitate maxillary edentulous patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To identify potential antigenic targets for Porphyromonas gingivalis vaccine development. Materials and methods. In the present study, we analyzed the Porphyromonas gingivalis, fimA type II primary amino acid sequence and characterized the similarity to the human proteome at the pentapeptide level. Results. We found that exact peptide-peptide profiling of the fimbrial antigen versus the human proteome shows that only 19 out of 344 fimA type II pentapeptides are uniquely owned by the bacterial protein. Conclusions. The concept that protein immunogenicity is allocated in rare peptide sequences and the search the Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA type II sequence for peptides unique to the bacterial protein and absent in the human host, might be used in new therapeutical approaches as a significant adjunct to current periodontal therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first article in a new series on digital dental photography. Part 1 defines the aims and objectives of dental photography for examination, diagnosis and treatment planning, legal and forensic documentation, publishing, education, marketing and communication with patients, dental team members, colleagues and dental laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This prospective clinical case series on peri-implantitis therapy reports on clinical and radiographic changes occurring after the use of an innovative technique of surgical degranulation combined with a thorough detoxification of the implant and local antibiotics application. Methods. In 14 partially edentulous patients, 18 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were treated. Implant detoxification was performed mechanically and chemically with citric acid at pH 1. Thereafter, tetracycline powder and chlorexidine gel by way of a collagen sponge carrier were applied on the implant surface, filling the bone defect. Neither resective nor regenerative surgery were performed. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded prior to and three years after treatment. Results. Clinical parameters improved after three years observation period. A statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction of probing pocket depth (PPD) was found. Bone recovery was 35% in respect to baseline (prosthesis loading). The bone variation expressed in millimetres at time of surgical treatment and 3-year follow up was statistically significant (p<0.001). No implant was lost in the observation period. Conclusion. Surgical degranulation combined with mechanical and chemical detoxification of the implant and local antibiotic therapy seems to be a reliable method for stopping and controlling peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This article discusses the clinical applications and techniques for zirconia restorations. The present case report describes a conservative zirconia bridge in front teeth and its retentive preparations. Methods. A 51-year-old woman had a retained deciduous tooth 5.3 with a mesioangular impacted tooth 1.3. The accepted plan was for extraction of 5.3, a conservative zirconia framework/porcelain bridge to replace tooth 1.3. The lateral incisor was prepared with 1 to 1.5 mm reduction only on palatal surface and 1.5 mm deep seating grooves placed on the mesial and distal aspects of the preparation. A composite temporary restoration (Luxatemp [DMG America]) with an ovate type pontic was fabricated. The patient returned for definitive tooth preparation and impressions 3 months later and vinyl polysiloxane impressions were taken. After verification of fit a dual-cure DBA and luting material were used to fix the bridge. Results. The soft-tissue response at 42 months was excellent with good papilla support and a natural emergence profile. After almost 5 years, there have been no clinical problems and the patient is very happy with the results. Conclusions. The fixed bridge evaluated in the patient was found to be performing satisfactorily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with oral-nasal communication the absence of alveolar and/or palatal hard and soft tissue, or contraction resulting from previous surgical repair, needed prosthetic rehabilitation. This clinical report describes a treatment of an oralnasal communication through a mixed prosthetic rehabilitation, fixed and removable, with attachments performed by EDM technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This article presents a case report of restoration of anterior teeth using an indirect technique with composite veneers in order to restore the dental anatomy and to provide aesthetic and function of anterior teeth. Materials and methods. A treatment of upper anterior teeth with indirect micro-hybrid composite restoration was proposed to a 40-year-old woman with old discolored and fractured ceramic veneers. Upper six anterior teeth were prepared and, after impressions with VPS of maxillary arche, the composite veneers were placed. Discussion and results. There are several advantages offered by indirect techniques compared to direct techniques. The increased practice of veneering technique with indirect composites is due to improvement in the properties of composite materials in the last years. The results are very favourable and the patient is satisfied. Conclusions. The restorations with composite veneers have proved durable and aesthetic, protect tooth structure and aesthetic and function is predictably re-established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the incidence of fungal sinusitis has increased considerably, due both to increased survival of patients at risk and to improved diagnostic equipment. The pathogen responsible in most cases is the Aspergillus in its forms Fumigatus, Flavus and Niger. The diagnosis is often delayed because the symptoms, characterized by headache, cough, and facial algia, are generally similar to that of chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis. It can be divided into invasive and non-invasive forms based on the clinical evolution and extent of the lesion. We report a case of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in a patient with recurrent sinusitis and pain in the left maxillary region, resistant to antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This article presents a case report about the surgery treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis following a tooth extraction. Methods. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a sequestrum bone formation that required the sequestrectomy and the debridement of the involved area. The prescription of oral penicillin and metronidazole were necessary after and before the surgery. Also 20 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy were important for the healing of the marrow space. Results. The histologic test confirmed the diagnosis of "Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis". Clinically the post-operative course showed no complications but a good healing of the bone tissue. Culture reports revealed two microorganisms, streptococcus viridans and staphylococcus, that are sensitive to penicillin. Conclusions. Clinical results confirmed the validity of the sequestrectomy and the debridement of the involved area for the treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis. Such approach has always to be preferred because it guarantees the healing of bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The purpose of this study is to report a case of full-arch rehabilitation on six endosseous implants loaded following the standard procedure. Methods. An implant-prosthetic treatment was proposed to a 53-year-old woman with a total prosthesis in the upper jaw. Six implants on upper maxillary were placed keeping the upper complete denture during the osseointegration period. The implants were left submerged to allow the patient to wear removable prostheses and the prosthesis was rebase with Hydrocast to not compress the sites of healing during the osseointegration period. The impression of implants was made with silicones for addition (VAS) with different viscosities after 8 weeks. The final restoration was carried out taking into account the aesthetic and functional canons. Conclusions. Correct diagnosis and accurate implant planning are key for success in implant rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of patient-based questionnaire about aesthetic and functional differences between overdentures implant-supported and overdentures tooth-supported. Study of 43 patients with a follow up of 1 year. Objective. The aim of this study is to compare functional efficiency and patients satisfaction between tooth-supported and implant-supported overdenture through a questionnaire that accurately reflects the real concerns of patients with dental prosthesis. Methods. Forty-three patients were selected from the out patient clinic, Department of Dentistry "Fra G.B. Orsenigo Ospedale San Pietro F.B.F.", Rome, Italy. Their age were ranging from 61 to 83 years. Eighteen patients were rehabilitated with overdentures supported by natural teeth and twenty-five with overdentures implant-supported. Discussion and Result. The questionnaire proposed one year after the insertion of the prosthetis has showed that there isn't difference statistically significant in terms of function, phonetics and aesthetics between overdenture implant-supported and tooth-supported. Conclusions. The results of the questionnaire showed that the patients generally had a high level of satisfaction concern to the masticatory function, esthetics and phonetics. In addition, on average, they haven't difficulty in removal and insertion of the denture and in oral hygiene. They haven't in both groups problems related to fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]