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Purpose: Many studies have evaluated the characteristics of insight, especially in psychiatric patient populations. However, this construct has been poorly examined within neurological disorders. We explored the relationship between altered insight, mood disorders and neurocognitive functioning in a sample of patients admitted to a neurological rehabilitation unit., Method: Each patient, at the time of hospitalization (T0), underwent an evaluation of the overall cognitive profile, of the frontal functions, and the compilation of scales aimed at investigating the 4 domains under examination of insight and anxiety-depressive symptomatology. After 3 months (T1), at the end of the rehabilitative and supportive treatment, the patients underwent the same evaluation performed at T0., Results: Our results showed significant differences between T0 and T1 in the variables examined related to insight. In particular, there was a correlation between the global cognitive profile, including executive functions, and all insight domains. This confirms how the degree of cognitive deficit, especially of executive type, affects all levels of awareness of the individual. We have also found correlations between mood disorders and insight. In particular, our results show that depression versus anxiety plays a fundamental role in a person's awareness., Conclusions: The study of insight is fundamental not only for the relapses it could have on the patient, but also on those to health care professionals. In fact, having an adequate insight could lead to a greater motivation of the patient to be more complimentary to pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies, also favoring social reintegration., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease, which can significantly affect not only the quality of life (QoL) of affected people but also that of their careers who care for them. The main objective of this study was to assess the extent to which the patient's clinical, cognitive and psychological conditions affect his or her QoL and that of the caregiver., Methods: We examined a number of patients with clinically defined MS. In this study 78 patient-assistant pairs were enrolled., Results: Our results showed a significant correlation between the change in the patient's state of health and the quality of life of caregivers, especially in specific social and work areas. In addition, the age and the physical and mental health of patients emerged as predictive factors on the quality of caregivers., Conclusions: This study has shown that degenerative and chronic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, can be predictors of stress and poor quality of life for careers. Future studies should further clarify the impact that the psychological conditions of MS patients have on the quality of life of careers., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable interruptions of normal brain function, that implies neurobiologic, psychological, and social consequences. Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is an electro-clinical state associated to altered level of consciousness. In NCSE could occur the behavioural and emotional disorder, cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorder with a negative impact on quality of life and adaptive social behaviours. Cognitive rehabilitation for epileptic patients may include internal compensation strategies, external memory aids, psychoeducation, verbal and visual memory training, attention exercise and executive functions. We described the cognitive rehabilitation in a patient with NCSE characterized by an unusual cognitive impairment. A 55-year-old female patient, with epileptic seizures presented a severe impairment in cognitive function and focal neurological deficit. The cognitive treatment was designed as a combination of direct training of the impaired functions and metacognitive training to facilitate the development of compensatory strategies and it was divided into three methods. Neuropsychological evaluation showed a progressive deficit of high cognitive functions. The patient after cognitive rehabilitation, demonstrated a significant recovery of motor abilities, despite the neuro-cognitive profile was abnormal. Several advances have been made in this field but few studies on neuropsychological rehabilitation in adult patients with NCSE have been conducted and no standardized protocol or clinical guidelines are still available., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)