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Background: Supporting women to achieve healthy gestational weight gain is a global health challenge. Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gains are associated with short and long-term adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. Qualitative studies suggest that symptoms of pregnancy, health professional attitudes, lack of guidance, personal knowledge and beliefs, lack of support, weight stigma, and lack of time and money, are barriers to achieving healthy weight gain. Less is known about women's perceptions and experience of gestational weight gain within normal body mass index categories with even less known about the experience of women motivated to participate in pregnancy weight management intervention trials., Aim: To describe the experience and perspectives of women participating in an Australian weight management pilot randomised controlled trial., Methods: Five women from regional New South Wales enrolled in the Eating 4 Two trial, participated in semi - structured interviews during the post-natal period. A qualitative descriptive methodology and inductive thematic analysis was applied., Findings: Two main themes emerged: 1) Addressing weight gain in pregnancy; and 2) Pregnancy weight the balancing act. Women identified weight gain as an important topic, the need for improvements within maternity services, responsive feedback and realistic support strategies. Women identified pregnancy symptoms, occurring during early and late pregnancy as barriers to achieving healthy weight gain., Conclusion: Further investigation into the effects of pregnancy symptoms on eating and physical activity patterns across pregnancy is warranted. Both qualitative and quantitative research is needed to monitor the translation of guideline recommendations into clinical practice., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest On behalf of all authors, I declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Problem: Studies investigating the direct and indirect relationships between psychosocial factors (i.e. attitudes, beliefs and values), health related behaviour (diet and physical activity) and gestational weight gain are increasing. To date heterogeneity of psychosocial measurement tools has limited research progress in this area, preventing measurement of effects by meta-analysis techniques., Aim: To conduct a revalidation analysis of a Weight Related Behaviours Questionnaire, originally developed by Kendall, Olson and Frangelico within the United States of America and assess its performance for use within the Australian context., Methods: A revalidation study using Exploratory Factor Analysis was undertaken to assess the factor structure and internal consistency of the six psychosocial scales of the Weight Related Behaviours Questionnaire, within the Woman and Their Children's Health (WATCH), pregnancy cohort. The questionnaire was self-completed between 18 - 20 weeks gestation. Psychosocial factors included; Weight locus of control; Self-efficacy; Attitudes towards weight gain; Body image, Feelings about the motherhood role; and Career orientation., Findings: Weight locus of control, Self-efficacy and Body image, retained the same factor structure as the original analysis. The remaining psychosocial factors observed a different factor structure in terms of loadings or number of factors. Deleted items modelling suggests the questionnaire could be strengthened and shortened., Conclusion: Weight Locus of control, Self-efficacy and Body image were observed as consistent, valid and reliable psychosocial measures for use within the Australian context. Further research is needed to confirm the model and investigate the potential for combining these scales into a shorter psychosocial measurement tool., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest On behalf of all authors I declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Immersive virtual reality is an advancing technology that has the potential to change the traditional pedagogical approaches to teaching tertiary nursing and midwifery students. The application of immersive virtual reality in nursing and midwifery education may be a novel, accessible method for information provision and skill acquisition, however little is known of the extent of immersive virtual reality technology integration into tertiary nursing and midwifery programs., Objectives: The purpose of this review is to identify the application and integration of immersive virtual reality within nursing and midwifery tertiary education programs., Design: A scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was undertaken. An a priori review protocol and eligibility criterion was developed with the protocol subject to review a posteriori following first round screening. An electronic search of ten databases was conducted in January 2018., Results: A total of n = 506 non-duplicate records were identified and subjected to level one and level two screening. The search strategy and screening process identified n = 2 articles that were quality checked and included for review., Conclusions: There is currently a paucity of quality published literature on the application and/or integration of immersive virtual reality into nursing and midwifery tertiary education. Immersive virtual reality has the potential to increase competence and confidence for students providing accessible and repeatable learning opportunities in a fail-safe environment. There is a need for educators to be involved in the conceptualisation, design, integration and research of immersive virtual reality technology into undergraduate nursing and midwifery programs., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)