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This paper investigates the impact of Foreign direct investment on the exports performance of different firms. The study is based on 195 firms belonging to 8 different sectors including different subsectors and industries related to manufacturing covering a period of 2000-01 to 2012-13. The study uses OLS regression and Compound annual growth rates to find out the trends and pattern of performance for different firms. The results of the present study suggest that FDI has significant impact on the export performance of different firms. Although the impact becomes visible after 5 to 6 years of FDI coming into Indian corporate firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper signifies the issues that are faced by start-ups. Today's managers are having many challenges in this competitive world. It attracts best talent and retain it. The start-up should invest a lot of time in building strategy in minds of its people. The start-up should recruit the right persons and train them well. The newly emerging companies should not compete with the already established companies. This paper focuses on common challenges that are faced by HR Personnel to find best solutions. In this paper, the methodology followed is secondary data, collected from journals, text books, articles etc., start-up should adopt the change in work environment and culture of the organization. The main HR Challenges are technology expansion, talent management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) considered as a growth engine of Indian economy. By its less capital intensive and high labour absorption nature, this sector has made significant contributions to employment generation and also to rural industrialization. However, lack of access to finance and timely credits as well as escalating cost are cited as important reasons for underutilization of the manufacturing capabilities of MSME. State Financial Corporations have been established to provide various types of financial and non-financial assistance to this sector. West Bengal Financial Corporation (WBFC) was setup in the year 1954 with the objective of providing financial assistance to MSME in the state of West Bengal. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the performance of WBFC. Paper is based on secondary data and simple statistical tools and techniques have been used to analyses the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines empirically the timing behaviour of the selected Indian companies because timeliness in the corporate reporting influences the decisions of the stakeholders. The delay in reporting reduces the relevance of the information given in the financial reports. The present study covers the period of seven years from 2002-2003 to 2008-2009. Three basic aspects of timeliness in corporate reporting are considered in the paper i.e., variation in date of end of the accounting year, reporting period gap and time lag. The results of the study show that there is less variation in reporting period gap and date of end of accounting year but lag between balance sheet dates to Annual General Meeting could not depict a definite trend. The study suggested that all the companies should balance their accounts on same date and reporting period gap should be of twelve months because large variations in these two aspects may make inter-company and interperiod comparison complicated. The shorter the time between balance sheet dates and Annual General Meeting, the greater the benefits that can be derived from the financial statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philanthropy is a highly misunderstood & misinterpreted term in India, people often interlink this two term which are having altogether a different prospective. Some Indian companies believe that they are complying with laws & regulations fulfill their need for social responsibility. A corporate must take these activities with sincerity in order to provide a growth full nation. Although India is a favorable business destination but unless poor people have equity in the growth of economy, India can never achieve the title of super economy. Corporate social responsibility is one such important area of corporate behavior & governance that needs to be given thorough importance. At the same time csr is one such effective tool that synergizes the efforts of corporate & the social sector agencies towards sustainable growth & development of the societal objectives at large. This paper emphasizes that how CSR has become a ladder for development of any corporate organizations. This paper tries to bring out CSR initiatives taken by various organizations in India. An emphasis has been made in order to have an understanding about how corporate are utilizing the initiates at name of philanthropy and counting them to be there CSR activity and how the upcoming ceiling of mandatory 2% CSR is getting on their nerves and making them to enter and explore some hidden unexplored arenas of governance. This paper is completely a work based on articles and secondary data so collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility is the persisting commitment by the business to contribute to the environment by indulging in activities to contribute to the improvement of the workforce and the families including the local community and the society. A company is a part of the society, and it has a certain duty and responsibility towards the employees, residents and the shareholders of the entire community. Hence, it is a really important that the corporation renders its services in the development of the society, and essential for healthy conduction of business. The ongoing scenario to make corporate social responsibility compulsory has drawn lot of stark criticism from the corporations. The present paper dwells comprehensively upon the concept of CSR, from its inception as philanthropy till its journey to a form where now it is mandatory to be sensitive about CSR in businesses with special reference to the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the authors have applied a new nature inspired computing i.e.Antlion Algorithm (ALO) to portfolio optimization. ALO mimics the hunting mechanism of antlions in nature and can be used as an optimization technique to solve various problems in management and engineering. The stocks of top 50 Indian Companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) have been selected on the basis of market capitalization. In this paper, we further present findings on the use of ALO as applied to stocks listed on BSE. It is noted from the presented findings that technique can be used to make future predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business decisions can be made rapidly in an error free environment with the application of information technology. The XML computer language has been extended further for its application programme in extensible business reporting language (XBRL). Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is a language for the electronic communication of business and financial data revolutionizing business reporting around the world. XBRL has become the standard way of recording, storing and transmitting business and financial information from the computer information providers to the information users. XBRL was developed by XBRL International in 1998, an international non-profit consortium of approximately 450 major companies, organisations and government agencies. XBRL India is known as the Indian Jurisdiction of XBRL International. Its main objective is to promote and encourage the adoption of XBRL in India as the standard for electronic business reporting. The business value possible from XBRL can be realized by the transparency, uniformity, accuracy, timely and reliability provided to its users. As it has been framed in accordance to the GAAP and IFRS standards, its adoptability is gaining momentum for all the countries that are looking forward towards a smooth functioning in the global scenario. In the light of this, the present paper provides a conceptual framework of XBRL as a business reporting language, along with its worldwide usage. The paper further discusses components and uses of XBRL in corporate reporting. It also focuses on the status of applicability of XBRL as a business reporting language for Indian business entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real estate business is one of the core businesses in fast developing states, but it is too challenging business as well. Scarcity of land has resulted in accelerating prices of land with every passing day. As a result of this changed economic environment, real estate business is becoming a very attractive business proposition. Andhra Pradesh is one of the fast growing states in India. The increased importance of Tier 2 cities like Hyderabad, Vijayawada in the overall economic scene of the country has made real estate business even more attractive. The increasing number of industrial units setting their bases in this state has resulted in increased demand for land - both industrial and housing. In this paper the focus is to analyze the performance of real estate business for the period of 2004-05 to 2013-14. The present study has made to analyze the Liquidity, solvency and Profitability performance of real estate companies in Andhra Pradesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental Accounting and Reporting is a new addition to the legal jurisprudence. The global state actors have already taken some greening accounting initiatives under the forum of the United Nations Division for Sustainable Development, the United Nations Statistical Division, and the United Nations Conference on Environment and development known as Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Johannesburg Conference 2002, Kyoto convention etc. This study will provide an overview of the environmental accounting and reporting laws and regulation across the countries based on secondary sources. An attempt has been made in this paper to summarise laws and guidelines relating environmental accounting and reporting in some selected countries. We investigate how environmental disclosures vary under environmental laws across the countries. To this end, we investigate Environmental Accounting and Reporting laws and guidelines in India. We found that Environmental Accounting regulation in India is still at nascent stage. In the absence of suitable enforcement mechanisms, real convergence and harmonization is unlikely to happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though there are too many researches has been conducted on the topic working capital management and its impact on profitability, but there is no major research has been done for the negative working capital and its impact on profitability. All the studies on working capital generally states that for the organization. All the researches on this topic conclude that the companies should avoid under-investment in working capital if they want higher profit margins. With this paper we made an attempt to study the profitability of organizations which generally operates with low or in the negative working capital zone and tried to find out whether it has any negative impact on the profitability or not. With negative working capital there can be a danger of insolvency but it is not true forever. If the company is having a good image in the market and good relation with their creditors it can get the benefit from the negative working capital also. The present study is an analysis of five top Indian cement companies' working capital and their profitability structure over a period of ten years. The result shows that though there is a positive relationship between working capital and profitability, yet it does not hold good for all the cases and that too always. We have seen companies generating good profit with a negative working capital as well as companies not able to generate good profit even with having good amount of positive working capital. However, it can be said that negative working capital indicates non-liquidity or less liquidity within the firm which is not desirable at each and every stages of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No doubt about the fact that in this era of globalization if company accounts can't be compared and understandable across international boundaries it's hardly of any use and that is why all big companies in India as well as in whole globe are using IFR i.e.-international financial reporting standards. Despite a belief by some of the inevitability of global acceptance of IFRS, other believe that accounting standards of India (ASI)is the golden standard and that a certain level of quality will be lost with full acceptance of IFRS. This paper aims to understand what is IFRS, its adoption status by Indian companies and its pros and cons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study finds out that the Employee turnover is one of the hectic issue in most of the organization. Employee's turnover and retention on the causes of high employee turnover, which affect the most, and the companies can decrease employee's turnover in order to cut the hidden cost. The Indian IT companies are vying for inorganic growth, with a quest for newer geographical areas, service offerings, domain expertise, customers and markets. Thus, the organizations different levels of management follow different strategies to retain the level of employees to increase the productivity of the organization. The overall organization climate is contributing towards the defeat the turnover in the organization to face the future challenges and competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In any of the developing and/or developed country, financing and industrial growth/development are one of the most important segment which are overall responsible for the growth of the country and its states and so on closely inter-linked, as without adequate financing, organizations are not in position to take a single decision with pragmatic approach. Financial needs are main source for every developing activity of the organization and as such require on every step. In India, there are various financial institutions at nation and state level to provide financial assistance to the different category Industries and for their different financial needs. State Financial Corporations (SFCs) are state level financial institutions established under State Financial Corporation Act, 1951 and their activities are confined within the territory of the state. SFCs mainly established to provide financial and other assistances to those Entrepreneurs/organizations, which falls under the purview of SFCs, as it has salient features, different to the other financial institutions. The main object of SFCs are to provide assistance to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and not to large scale industries, as it falls out of the purview of financing these segment of entrepreneurs. At present, there are 18 State Financial Corporations (SFCs), in India and they are playing very pivotal and active role for the industrial growth/development of the state. SFCs offer various types of financial assistance under its different schemes, so that each and every organization can have financial assistance, as per their specific needs and requirements. SFCs provide loan to Prop/Partnership firms, Private Limited/Public Limited companies/Co-operative Societies and Trusts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value attached to intangible assets has increased manifold in the current era of knowledge economy. And the topic of intangibles has still been controversial and source of debate for many years. Various definitions, classifications and measurement methods have been suggested over the past few years in order to provide a better understanding and to promote communication between researchers, management and users of financial information. Given this background the objective of this study is to evaluate and highlight the classification adopted for intangibles by national and international accounting standards and how national and international accounting standards approaches intangibles with regard to their initial and subsequent recognition and measurement thus explaining why some intangible items are not included in the balance sheet of a company. Further, the study reviews the accounting for changes in value of intangible assets provided under national and international accounting standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reviews and evaluates the arguments in favor of reforming current accounting and disclosure practices related to intangible assets. The value attached to intangible assets has increased manifold in the current era of knowledge economy. But as the current accounting system still failed to give accurate and full information on most knowledge based unseen assets in the financial statements, the value relevance of financial statements is thus decreasing in the eyes of investors and many other users. So, accounting and disclosure of these unseen resources i.e. intangibles have become the big problem being faced by the companies. To bring light to the subject, the objective of present study is to review the disclosure practices followed by indian companies for their intangible resources and factors affecting such disclosure and finally the format in which indian companies disclose their intangible assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of appropriate source of fund for capital structure is one of the major policy decisions taken by a firm .The combination of debt & equity is known as capital structure of the firm. Capital Structure is the Ratio of long-term sources of finance in the total capital of includes 'Proprietor's Funds' and 'Borrowed Funds'(Proprietors Funds include equity capital, preference capital, reserves and surpluses retained earnings and Borrowed Funds include long-term debts such as loans from financial institutions, debentures etc. Capital structure can influence not only the return of a company earnings for its stakeholders, but also helps in determining the financial position of the company whether or not a firm survives will survives in recession or depression. There are two most popular source of fund which a company can get finance owned capital (equity) and borrowings (Debt). An optimal debt equity mix gives a healthy result of the financial wealth for the company. This was the main threshold of the capital structure forecasting and planning. Because of this many industries recognized and reorganized their capital structure. The main aim of present study is to comparatively analyze the capital structure of the power industry with special reference Tata power and Adani power. The research study is descriptive and analytical which is conducted on the basis of secondary data. The present study is based on the analysis of five years annual reports of Tata power and Adani power from 2011 to 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of any enterprise to a great extent depends upon the quality, caliber and character of human resource working in it. The economic growth of any nation depends upon the harnessing and exploitation of human resources as well as non-human resources along with their blending in a proper ratio. Human Resource (HR) is the most valuable asset in an enterprise. HRA is the identification and measuring process of HR and its communication to the interested parties. It is an extension of the basic functions of accounting and communications of information to the internal and external parties. To ensure growth and development of any organization, the efficiency of employees must be accounted in the right perspective. Human resource accounting is one of the latest concepts adopted by Indian companies in recent times. In view of the growing importance of HRA, many companies in India are voluntarily disclosing information about their human resources. Hence, an attempt is made for a case study on Human Resource Accounting in Kochi Refineries Limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In reverse logistics, 'Recycling' has become a term of great importance for the firms who want to communicate their environmentally friendly image to their consumers and stakeholders. Considered as a noticeable action on the waste generated, it enables them recovery of useable parts from used/waste products; thus managing with resource constraints as well as satisfying demands of environmentally conscious consumers and stakeholders. Since firms with electronic product portfolio have been facing criticism for their waste generated at consumers' end, many of them have initiated multi-aimed actions for elimination/ reduction of waste. This study reviews the literature related to reverse logistics and aims to explore the reputed firms' actions related to collection and recycling of used electronic products. An interview-based study was conducted in collection centers in Mumbai (India) to develop a framework for the collection, recycling and reuse -related activities being undertaken by firms in the Indian market. The analysis reveals that reuse is identified as the main aim of such actions. It further explores the facts related to the arrangements made at collection centers for recycling activities, staff knowledge about the recycling process, incentive-related aspects, marketing and promotion, and customers' involvement in recycling activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has made an attempt to verify the existence of market timing theory of Baker and Wurgler (US 2002) in Indian context. For this purpose it examined the effects of market-to-book ratio, fixed assets tangibility, profitability and growth in assets on capital structure decision on Indian companies. The study considered 236 Indian companies which made public offerings during ten years period from 2001 to 2010 as sample of the study. Regression models developed by Baker and Wurgler are used for the present study to examine the applicability of market timing theory in India. The study found that the selected independent variables had significant relationship on capital structure decision by Indian companies during the study period. It evidenced that market timing has existed in India during the study period. Even though market timing has been a consideration for equity issues, the mild results revealed that it could not be a major consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic Value Added or EVA, is a performance metric used to estimate the true economic profit produced by a firm while Market Value Added or MVA is a wealth metric that measures the level of value a firm has accumulated over time. Both are value based financial performance measure. But when question arises on their explanatory power several researchers have claimed that EVA is highly significant in explaining its relationship with reported Earnings than that of MVA while some other researchers argued that MVA is more significant in explaining its relationship with reported earnings rather than EVA. Various studies have been conducted in this regard till date but the research results are quite mix and at variance. Thus, a modest attempt has been made to examine the relationship between Economic Value Added and Market Value Added with reported earnings in various regression models. Several hypotheses have been tested statistically in order to elucidate the findings and inferences of the study. 30 Indian firms listed in Bombay Stock Exchange for the period from 1st April 2008 to 31st March 2011 have been considered here as sample for carrying out the study. Simple mathematical tools like ratio, percentage, average etc. and various statistical techniques and statistical tools like Pearson's simple correlation, multiple correlation, simple regression, multiple regression techniques and 'F' test etc. have also been applied at appropriate places for analysing the data used in the study. This study divulges that MVA is more significant and effective in explaining its relationship with reported earnings rather than EVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary Indian business environment, ethics is growing in importance. Many of the corruption scams that have come to light in the recent past have not only tainted the politicians, but have also highlighted the increasing incidence of unethical corporate practices. The present study analyses the impact of different types of unethical corporate practices on corporate brand equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the principle of value management, firm must generate adequate returns for its owners, in line with the relative opportunity cost of investment. Companies whose returns exceed the opportunity cost to its owners create corporate value and hence shareholder's value. Traditionally, the yardsticks used to measure the efficiency and profitability of a business organization were accounting based measures like ROI, ROE, ROCE, EPS, RONW and financial ratios. But, now a day's value added measures have emerged as a replacement of the traditional accounting based measures. The reason behind this is that the financial performance of a business organization is measured from the shareholders' value point of view. Value added represents the wealth created by an enterprise during a specified period. No companies can survive and grow, if it fails to generate value to its shareholders. Hence, value added is a basic measure which is used for measuring the financial performance of an enterprise. This study is to analyze the relationship between non-market value performance indicators and market value, with a view to understand the value creation process in the Indian Enterprises. Analysis will be done for total of 36 companies from 3 sectors i.e. IT, Telecommunication and FMCG. The various details will be taken from www.moneycontrol.com. For the purposes of this study the market value creation measure utilized was shareholder return. Each company's shareholder return will be estimated using stock price and dividend information. Three different dimensions of non-market value creation measures will be utilized. These three dimensions will be accounting profitability, cash flow performance, and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]