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Objective:To explore the relationship among attachment, differentiation of self and aggression in middle school students. Methods: Totally 314 middle school students were selected. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised (IPPA-R), Differentiation of Self Inventory Revised (DSI-R) and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) were used to measure the parental and peer attachment, differentiation of self and aggressive behavior, respectively. Results: The factors scores of IPPA-R were positively correlated with the DSI-R scores(r =0. 19 -0. 23, Ps <0. 01), while the scores of mother-child attachment and peer attachment in IPPA-R were negatively correlated with the AQ scores(r = -0. 31, -0. 19, Ps <0. 05). The DSI-R scores were negatively correlated with the AQ scores(r = -0. 57, P <0. 001). The scores of all the four factors of DSI-R could negatively predict the AQ scores (β = -0. 36- -0. 12, Ps <0. 05). The differentiation of self played a partial mediating role in the relationship of mother-child attachment with aggression behavior and the amount of the mediation effect accounted for 29. 3% of the total effect. The differentiation of self played a completely mediating role in the relationship between peer attachment and aggression behavior. Conclusion: The level of differentiation of self could predict the aggression behavior in middle school students. The differentiation of self is likely to be a mediator between not only mother-child attachment but also peer attachment and aggression behavior [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]