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Objective To investigate the relationship between the slimming of young women and the occurrence of senile osteoporosis, by studying the correlation between peak bone mass (PBM) of lumbar vertebrae and body fat distribution in young women. Methods A group of 25-35 year-old female volunteers were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI) ; lean type (BMI < 21. 4) and fat type (BMI ≥ 21. 4). General information including height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) of each volunteer was collected to calculate BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR). The abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area ( SFA) at the umbilicus level, and the BMD of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 were measured by Mindways quantitative CT (QCT) Pro analysis system. The ratio of VF/SF, and the average lumbar BMD (vBMD) were calculated. The differences in WHR, VFA, SFA, VF/SF and lumbar spine BMD between groups were compared using independent sample t test, and the correlation between vBMD and anthropometric parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Results A total of 95 volunteers were included, of which 43 were thin and 52 were fat. There were significant differences in VFA and SFA between the two groups, with P values of 0.01 and 0.003, respectively. There was no significant difference in WHR, VF/SF and vBMD between the two groups. There was significant correlation between vBMD and VF/SF in young women (r=0.550, P = 0.001). Conclusion The PBM of lumbar vertebrae was not correlated with BMI, WC, HC, VFA and SFA in young women, but significantly correlated with the ratio of VF / SF. Scientific slimming in young women would not reduce the BMD reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]