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Objective This study aims to investigate potential risk factors of osteoporosis (OP) in patients on the maintenance of peritoneal dialysis (MPD). Methods We enrolled 260 MPD patients, who underwent dialysis in our dialysis center for over 6 months. Bone mineral density was detected and the biochemical data and dialysis-related indicators were recorded. These results were analyzed and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of osteoporosis. Results Among the 260 enrolled MPD patients, 128 patients had osteoporosis (49.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (OR ＝5.086, P ＝0.001), age (OR ＝2.783, P ＝0.017), dialysis age (OR ＝2.145, P ＝0.021), and diabetes history (OR ＝1.684, P ＝0.029) were independently related to OP, while BMI, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, Serum iPTH, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), CaP, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), Kt ／v, albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were not correlated with OP. Conclusion The incidence of OP is higher in MPD patients than in normal people. Gender, age, dialysis age, and diabetes history are risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]