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Objective To investigate the association between time in range (TIR) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This study was designed as a prospective cohort study. A total of 1 057 patients with T2DM were prospectively recruited from April 2005 to May 2019 from Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People′s Hospital. TIR was measured with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at baseline. Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to determine the association between TIR and the risk of DR. Results During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 266 patients developed DR. The incidence rates of DR were 26.0 (63/2 419.7), 28.0 (57/2 032.9), 40.5 (79/1 950.8) and 42.0 (67/1 594.1) per 1 000 person-years in TIR>85%, 71%-85%, 51%-70%, and ≤50%, respectively (log-rank P=0.013). Cox proportion hazard regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, age, diabetes duration, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipids, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, hazard ratios (HR) for DR across different levels of TIR (>85%, 71%-85%, 51%-70%, and ≤50%) were 1.00, 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-1.46], 1.42 (95%CI 1.01-1.99) and 1.46 (95%CI 1.02-2.07), which had statistically significant differences (P for trend=0.01), respectively. When TIR was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted HR for DR associated with each 10% decrease in TIR was 1.07 (95%CI 1.02-1.13). Conclusion The current prospective cohort study indicated an association of lower TIR with an increased risk of DR among patients with T2DM, supporting the validity of TIR as an optimal marker of glucose control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a common, understandable and practicable diabetes risk assessment table, and to evaluate the efficiency of the table for screening diabetes. Methods This was a Cohort study. Both the derived cohort (n=810) and the validated cohort (n=792) were from the resident population over 18 years old in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of diabetes in the exploratory population. A non‑invasive diabetes scoring model was established with β coefficients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the Pudong Diabetes Risk Score (PDDRS) for diagnosing diabetes in the two Cohorts, and to compare PDDRS with the existing Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (CDRS). Results The PDDRS included four non‑invasive risk factors: age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and family history of diabetes. The specificity, sensitivity and AUC of the model in predicting the onset of type 2 diabetes in the derivation population were 69.4%, 70.0% and 0.757, respectively. The AUC of the model was 0.686 in the validation Cohort. Compared with the CDRS, the PDDRS was more efficientin predicting diabetes in the derivation cohort (0.757 and 0.719, Z=2.511, P<0.05), without significant difference in the validation cohort (0.686 and 0.703, P>0.05). Conclusion As a screening method for high‑risk population of diabetes, the PDDRS has a relatively high specificity and sensitivity. The effeciency of PDDRS in predicting diabetes onsetin Pudong New Area i s equivalent to that of CDRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]