1. GASPS-A Herschel Survey of Gas and Dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics
- Author
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Suzanne Ramsay, William C. Danchi, Nuria Huélamo, Christian D. Howard, Davide Fedele, François Ménard, Eric Pantin, Carol A. Grady, J. Lebreton, I. de Gregorio-Molsalvo, Andres Carmona, José M. Torrelles, Christophe Pinte, Ilaria Pascucci, Benjamin Montesinos, Inga Kamp, Wing-Fai Thi, Jonathan Williams, Peter Woitke, Glenn J. White, I. Mendigutía, J. Donaldson, A. Mora, Geoffrey S. Mathews, Maria Morales-Calderon, Alexander V. Krivov, D. Barrado y Navascués, Giambattista Aresu, Jean-Charles Augereau, Gwendolyn Meeus, Aki Roberge, I. Tilling, Pablo Riviere-Marichalar, Linda Podio, Göran Sandell, Neil M. Phillips, Sean D. Brittain, C. Martin-Zaidi, David R. Ardila, B. Riaz, Carlos Eiroa, René Liseau, William R. F. Dent, David R. Ciardi, Hideko Nomura, S. Vicente, Sean M. Andrews, B. Vandenbusche, Enrique Solano, Gaspard Duchêne, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, NASA Herschel Science Center, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-07-BLAN-0221,Dusty Disks,Structure and Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks: a study of the first phases of planet formation(2007), European Project: 256513,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG,DISKEVOL(2010), and European Project: 284405,EC:FP7:SPA,FP7-SPACE-2011-1,DISCANALYSIS(2012)
- Subjects
Physics ,Continuum (design consultancy) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Space observatory ,Jupiter ,T Tauri star ,Stars ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Detection rate ,Line (formation) - Abstract
GASPS is a far-infrared line and continuum survey of protoplanetary and young debris disks using PACS on the Herschel Space Observatory. The survey includes [OI] at 63 microns, as well as 70, 100 and 160um continuum, with the brightest objects also studied in [OI]145um, [CII]157um, H2O and CO. Targets included T Tauri stars and debris disks in 7 nearby young associations, and a sample of isolated Herbig AeBe stars. The aim was to study the global gas and dust content in a wide disk sample, systemically comparing the results with models. In this paper we review the main aims, target selection and observing strategy. We show initial results, including line identifications, sources detected, and a first statistical study. [OI]63um was the brightest line in most objects, by a factor of ~10. Detection rates were 49%, including 100% of HAeBe stars and 43% of T Tauri stars. Comparison with published dust masses show a dust threshold for [OI]63um detection of ~1e-5 M_solar. Normalising to 140pc distance, 32% with mass 1e-6 - 1e-5 M_solar, and a small number with lower mass were also detected. This is consistent with moderate UV excess and disk flaring. In most cases, continuum and line emission is spatially and spectrally unresolved, suggesting disk emission. ~10 objects were resolved, likely from outflows. Detection rates in [OI]145um, [CII]157um and CO J=18-17 were 20-40%, but [CII] was not correlated with disk mass, suggesting it arises instead from a compact envelope. [OI] detection rates in T Tauri associations of ages 0.3-4Myr were ~50%. ~2 stars were detectable in associations of 5-20Myr, with no detections in associations of age >20Myr. Comparing with the total number of young stars, and assuming a ISM-like gas/dust ratio, this indicates that ~18% of stars retain a gas-rich disk of total mass >1M_Jupiter for 1-4Myr, 1-7% keep such disks for 5-10Myr, and none remain beyond 10-20Myr., Accepted for PASP
- Published
- 2013