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The effect of solvation structures on solvated Li+ migration in a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was investigated using glyme-solvated Li+ as probes for co-intercalation reactions. The intercalation of bare Li+ into graphite occurred in the presence of the SEI derived from vinylene carbonate and when butyl methyl triglyme was the solvent. Based on the results of density functional theory calculations, both the size of solvated Li+ and the width of the ionic path of SEIs are crucial to determine whether Li+ is desolvated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion intercalation into the bulk of graphite hardly occurs. In this study, a nano-sized graphitizable carbon nanospheres (CNS) covered with basal planes were used to shorten the diffusion length, minimize side reaction and evaluate the dependence of graphitization degree. As a result, electrolyte decomposition was minimized by basal planes covering the surface and sodium-ion more clearly intercalating into CNSs than into ordinal graphite. It was also clarified that sodium-ion inserted into the bulk of CNSs as the graphitization degree decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]