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The possibility to utilize the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of essential oils (EOs) in dentistry is recognized and best seen in the design of EO-based mouthwashes. The up-to-date results, obtained with the most commonly used formulation being consisted of thymol, eucalyptol, menthol, and methyl salicylate (Listerine), proved its efficacy against plaque and gingival inflammation. However, novel alcohol-free products remain to be further investigated. Commercially available mouthwash containing curcumin, clove oil, mentha oil, eucalyptol, thymol and tea tree oil, and the mouthwash based on ginger EO (a-zingiberene, b-bisabolene, b-sesquiphellandrene, curcumene), reduced plaque index and improved periodontal status of the patients. The plaque index was also reduced and overall healing was improved after the surgical removal of the third molar by mouthwash containing John wort oil. In addition, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO-based mouthwash and mouthwash containing peppermint oil were efficient against stomatitis and xerostomia, respectively. In addition to beneficial effects achieved in the mouth, i.e. at the appropriate site of application, novel investigations pointed-out that EO-based mouthwashes could be recognized as efficient in the reduction of bacterial and viral aerosols. This has been shown for Listerine, and for several mouthwashes containing following active substances of plants' EO origin: a-farnesene, b-farnesene, farnesol, nerolidol, a-bulnesene, eremanthin, b-sesquiphellandrene, spiroether, cinnamylacetate, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, menthol, and carvacrol. This finding could be of special interest, in order to be included in further clinical studies related to COVID -19 pandemic.

The analysis and proposed optimization technique of asynchronous electric drives of production machines with a cyclic impact load, under the condition of minimum energy consumption, was presented in this paper. The mean values of the electric motor torque in the working range of a slider, were adopted in calculation. The derived formulae can be used to calculate the optimal parameters of the electric motor drive.

Background/Aim: Deep carious lesions on primary teeth usually have been causing infectious dental pulp changes. If indicated, traditional endodontic root canal treatment for these kinds of pulpal infections in primary teeth usually should involve the performing of pulpectomy methods, but often with questionable prognosis. The lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) approach is one of the good endodontic therapeutic alternatives for affected primary teeth with a poor prognosis, which could otherwise be condemned to premature extraction. Aim was to evaluate the medium-term clinical success in everyday practice of the LSTR method applied in affected primary teeth with irreversible pulpal tissue infections by observation of reduction/absence of their clinical symptoms. Material and methods: The study sample included child patients who had one or more of their affected primary molars with irreversible pulpal tissue changes of poor prognosis treated with the LSTR method. For each patient whose primary molar tooth was endodontically treated with the LSTR method a clinical evaluation of treated tooth was performed at intervals of 1 and 12 months afterwards. Results: Study sample was consisted of 40 child patients aged 4 to 9 years, with 45 primary molars included in total. It was obvious that the symptoms related to affected sample teeth have already been decreased almost immediately after initial action of triple antibiotic paste. Final outcome after 12-months follow-up period was success of applied LSTR method in 43 (95.6%) affected sample teeth in a way that initial clinical symptoms completely decreased and disappeared. Conclusions: LSTR method has been shown as successful pulpotomy technique for noninstrumental endodontic approach in non-vital pulp treatment of primary molar teeth in a 12-months follow-up period.

Reactive dyes are the most popular dyes for dyeing cellulose fibers. The exhaustion method is the most common technical method of their application, when large amounts of neutral salts and alkali are added to the dyeing bath to fixing the dyes. Despite this, 10-40% of the dye is not fixed to the cotton and together with the salts, it represents a large environmental burden for watercourses. Recently, methods have been studied to increase the substantiality and reactivity of these dyes with the aim of promoting procedures that are more economical and environmentally safer. In this sense, cationic modification of cotton can be considered a promising procedure for increasing the utilization of reactive dyes from the technological solution. This review paper reports on the possibilities of applying different cationic agents for cotton processing and the effects of cationic modification on the ability to dye with reactive dyes.

War participation is an intense psychosomatic deprivation. The consequences may range from war trauma to the loss of physical ability. As a result, war veterans upon returning from war may suffer civil life adaptation issues, and are at a high risk of marginalization. States accommodate the consequences of this process by creating various means of looking after this population. Previous research, although minor in scope, reveals the lack of looking after this population and shows the discontent of this population towards the ways the state and civil society treat them. The text is searching for an answer to the question whether the war veterans in Serbia may be considered a marginalized group and why this is the case. The conclusion is that the war veterans are indeed marginalized for not receiving appropriate compensation for the public service at the most perilous time; furthermore, there is discrimination within the war veteran community itself. The experience of marginalization is both formal and subjective. The formal marginalization is manifested in the lawsuit filed to the European Court of Human Rights; and the subjective marginalization is present in the stereotypes and labeling attitudes from the public, and in state institutions, too. Modern discourse treats the definition of equality increasingly less frequently as a wealth distribution inequality, and more often as equal opportunities for all. Therefore, besides considering economic inequality, it is vital to establish more egalitarian relationships towards the social and cultural acceptance of the otherness. Above all, war veterans require appreciation, even more than the welfare assistance in the form of the so-called "war wages". This holds the state responsible towards the citizens that have done their public service in defending the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state.

Background/Aim: The aim of the research was to examine the general attitude, knoweledge and practice of pediatricians about caries in children of preschool age. Material and Methods: The research was conducted from November 2019 to the end of January 2020. The research consisted of a survey of pediatricians. The questionnaire consisted of 4 modules and 37 questions, which related to the attitude, knowledge and practice of pediatricians on the prevention of early childhood caries. Results: The majority of pediatricians (84.9%) stated that they assess the nutrition of their patients, while 32.1% of them always do oral health assessment, and half of them in the second month of the child's life; and 39.6% assess oral health only if there is a problem. The majority of pediatricians (86.8%) recommended the first dental examination, most often in the first year of the child's life (79.5%), and then every 6 months (43.5%). The majority of respondents did not required information about the dental health of their patients' mothers, fluoride toothpastes and topical application of fluoride as well (62.3-75.5%). The majority of pediatricians (79.2%) have never provided or sometimes provided educational material on caries prevention and control to the parents of their patients. The most accurate answers and the highest percentage of correct answers that the pediatricians had were about attitudes (Z=8.98, 66.63%), while the fewest correct answers and the lowest percentage of correct answers regarding the practices on the prevention of early childhood caries (Z=11.91, 58.90%). Conclusions: The research showed that pediatricians have the good attitudes and knowledge, but do not implement prevention of early childhood caries in practice. The basic deficiency of attitude, knowledge and perception of the importance of prevention is a consequence of insufficient education of pediatricians.

Introduction/purpose: The paper describes an alternative theoretical model of the Earth's EM field based on two-component field hypotheses. The paper consists of several parts, one part of which is a model showing the rotation of the magnetically conducting sphere of magnetization M in a foreign magnetic field. The last part defines theoretical models for the calculation of the components of the electromagnetic field of electrically conductive, dielectric and magnetically conductive spheres which are exposed to the influence of a foreign electromagnetic field. Methods: In the work, the responses of electrically conductive, dielectric and magnetically conductive spheres to the influence of external EM fields were investigated using the analytical method. Results: The obtained solutions in the form of analytical formulas will be applied to research the impact of the Sun's EM field on the planets and especially on the Earth. Conclusion: The resulting formulas of the electric and magnetic field strength and induction and their solutions can be applied to electrically conductive, dielectric and magnetically conductive spheres. In comparison to already known formulas, they are simple and have higher accuracy.

Education system is situated in formal educational and pedagogical institutions. However, considering that schools are not the only places for education, this paper examines the possibilities of teaching sociology in museums as a form of out-of-classroom learning. Teaching sociology in a museum provides opportunities for developing lasting basic knowledge and life-long learning, establishing and developing aesthetic and critical thinking aspects of students' personalities, and observing personal lives and experiences within a wider social context. The paper shows suggestions for this type of out-of-classroom learning, teacher's role in planning and visiting museums, teaching methods and units that can be attained in this form of learning, and a museum as an educational instrument. Learning through collaboration with other institutions in the local community shifts the learning context towards more complex cognitive processes. In the process of joint processing of a phenomenon, constructive discussion is encouraged and carried out in an unconventional form of class. At the same time, the cooperation between the local community and the school is being improved because the school upgrades its role of knowledge transfer to the role of a living centre in the community, and the school is actively involved in the needs of the local community. Among the teaching methods applicable to teaching in a museum, we have singled out a dialogical method and an interactive method because of their closeness to the constructivist approach in which the process of acquiring knowledge is conceived as the creation of the individual and the product of constructions. The essence of the teaching process in modern education lies in competencies among which the most important is that a student learns to learn and apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

Introduction/purpose: The paper describes a more advanced theoretical model of the Earth's EM field based on two-component hypotheses. A defined mathematical model that shows the rotation of the magnetically conducting sphere of Tthe magnetization M in a foreign magnetic field and the components of the magnetic field that may arise due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. According to the established model, in relation to the reference values of the planet Earth, the values of the components of the other planets in the solar system were calculated and the results were tabulated. Methods: The solution to the problem highlighted in the title of the paper was determined using the combined, for that purpose, formalized methods of physics and mathematical analysis, in order to develop a new, more advanced mathematical model. For this purpose, the method of analogy was used, related to the application of similar structural forms and systems for researching electromagnetic processes and planetary rotation. The method of analogy was applied for two interrelated reasons. The first one is that all values that characterize the function of any natural system are subject to change, and the second one is that the applied solutions do not determine the conditions of the structure's function in each specific case. Results: The solutions in the form of original analytical formulas and numerical values arranged in Table 2, referring to the influence of the rotation of the planets and especially the Earth, will be applied to research the effects of the EM field emitted by the Sun towards the planets, especially the role that the process plays in protecting the planet Earth. The results given in Table 2 are particularly important. Conclusion: The paper discusses the appearance and effect of the Earth's EM field in a way that is understandable at the current level of scientific development. Scientific findings in science and measurements in geoand astrophysics indicate the Sun as a possible source of the EM field that extends through interplanetary space and the component of the Earth's magnetic field is only a response to the influence of that source. Natural phenomena and processes on the Earth can be defined in system theory by a model that contains changes in the parameters of the state of the planet.

Perioperative anaphylaxis caused by muscle relaxants represents a relatively rare, albeit a serious complication during anesthesia. It can result in serious morbidity or even mortality. This reaction usually happens before or after intubation of a patient, that is, a few minutes after muscle relaxant administration. The beginning of the reaction can be missed, even by the most experienced anesthesiologist, since its recognition depends on the severity of the symptoms. There are no guidelines specific to the therapy of muscle relaxant anaphylaxis and therefore therapy is based simply on the general guidelines. Also, in many countries, there are no registries of the incidence of anaphylaxis caused by muscle relaxants. Therefore, this is an extremely important subject for anesthesiology practice, and it requires more attention.

Background/Aim: The requirements for dental specialties and the number of specialists in each country are unique and strong indicator of the availability and affordability of primary health care for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern, type and the extent of dental services, as well as the influence of regional factors and data on whether services are provided by a pediatric dentist or general dentist have effect on these parameters, based on information obtained from dentists providing dental care to children and youth. Material and Methods: Within the project "Program for the improvement of oral health of children and youth in the Republic of Serbia", supported by the Ministry of Health of Serbia, a research was conducted among dentists involved in dental care for children and youth in Serbia. Data collection from primary health care facilities was performed through a specially designed questionnaire. A total of 445 questionnaires were collected from dentists from 102 health centers in Serbia in the period June - October 2019. Results: There are significant differences between regions in the pattern, type and the extent of dental services. In the quantitative analysis, there are no significant differences in the type of dental services between pediatric and preventive dentistry specialists and general dentists. Conclusions: The data from the conducted research speak in favor of a large daily workload of dentists who deliver oral health care for children and youth in Serbia. Additional multifactorial analysis, which includes epidemiological data from the region, but also environmental, demographic and cultural parameters of oral health could be the basis for improving the provision of preventive dental and preventive oral care

Background/Aim: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is pervasive neurodevelopmental condition with raising prevalence over the last decades. Oral health related problems arise mostly due to challenging behavior, communication limitation, and resistance to receiving dental treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency, quality and type of dental care during routine appointments and under general anesthesia (GA) in persons with ASD. Matreial and Methods: The data were obtained in retrospective cross-sectional study by analyzing patients' records from the central electronic database of the Clinic for Dentistry of Vojvodina. Demographic, medical and dental data were analyzed employing Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and CATREG regression analysis. Results: A total of 51 patients from 4.2-47.6 years of age had an average of 13.2 ±13.5 dental appointments, with 2.27±4.23 treatments done under GA in a period of 7 years. The average number of restored teeth was 3.64±4.42 and 4.64±5.95 teeth were extracted. Only 21.5% of participants regularly attended scheduled appointments. Patients who started oral health care earlier had more teeth restored and extracted during RDT, and were less subjected to treatment under GA. Conclusions: Dental services to patients with ASD are commonly limited to more radical approach comprising multiple teeth extractions and repeated treatment under GA. It is of utmost importance to tailor comprehensive plan for dental care provision in individuals with ASD at earliest possible age.